Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Related Topics Flashcards
What is the most common cause of amenorrhea?
Pregnancy
What are common causes of hirsutism?
- 50% idiopathic
- PCOC (most common pathologic cause)
- Other (e.g. CAH)
After ovulation, what does the dominant follicle become?
Corpus luteum
The corpus luteum produces large amounts of what hormone?
Progesterone
What are the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?
PALM COEIN:
- P = polyps
- A = adenomyosis
- L = leiomyoma
- M = malignancy
- C = coagulapathy
- O = ovulatory dysfunction
- E = endometral process
- I = iatrogenic
- N = not yet classified
What are some causes of primary dysmenorrhea?
No specific cause (prostaglandin overactivity)
What is a common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea?
Endometriosis
How long must periods be absent to define menopause?
12 months
What is the median age of menopause in the United States
51
What medications are used to reduce hot flashes in menopause?
SSRI/SNRI’s
What is the definition of PMS?
PMS = Pre-menstrual syndrome Physical, mood related, and behavior changes that occur in a cyclical manner in relation to the luteal phase and interfere with some aspect of the patient’s life
How is PMS diagnosed?
Having one of the following symptoms 5 days before menses of 3 menstrual cycles:
- Depression
- Angry outbursts
- Anxiety/confusion
- Breast tenderness
- Abdominal bloating
- Headache
- Swelling of extremities
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
5/11 symptoms with at least one core symptom of depressed mood, anxiety, irritability or anhedonia
How does a partial molar pregnancy occur and what is the end product?
Two sperm fertilize a haploid ovum resulting in:
69XXX or 69XXY
How does a complete molar pregnancy occur and what is the end product?
Two sperm fertilize and EMPTY ovum resulting in:
46XX or 46XY
