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ANAT 1OO MOUDLE 9 > reproductive system > Flashcards

reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

gamete cell

A

organisms reproductive cells

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2
Q

testes

A

site of sperm production and are covered by 2 protective tissues

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3
Q

tunica Vaginalis

A

outer protective covering of testis

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4
Q

tunica albuginea

A

inner fibrous layer of testes, that penetrate and divide it into 250- 300 compartments called lobules

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5
Q

what do lobules contain

A

contain up to 4 thin elongated seminiferous tubules

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6
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

where the sperm is produced , each testis contains around 600 to 1000

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7
Q

leydig cells

A

found in between the seminiferous tubules and produce and secrete testosterone

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8
Q

Sperm

A

gametes of the male reproductive system which carry the paternal genetic information

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9
Q

head of sperm

A

contains the nucleus which contributes to either X or Y chromosome in the fertilization process and also contains the acrosomal which contains enzymes that are released priorate egg fertilization that help penetrate

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10
Q

neck of sperm

A

connects the head to the mid piece

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11
Q

mid- piece of sperm

A

continuation of the neck, with a mitochondrial collar which helps produce energy

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12
Q

tail of sperm

A

source of movement of sperm

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13
Q

scrotum

A

sac of skin and fascia that surrounds the testes

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14
Q

dartos muscle

A

located superficially in the skin of scrotum , responsible for wrinkley appearance of scrotum and is involved in temperature regulation

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15
Q

cremaster muscle

A

found deep in the scrotal wall, covers testis , and contracts reflexively in a cold environment to draw testes closer to the body wall to absorb heat

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16
Q

male duct system

A

how sperm will pass out of the body

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17
Q

epididymis

A

first part of the duct system. lies on the superior and posterior border of each testis , shaped like a comma

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18
Q

head of epididymis

A

contains and receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

body of epididymis

A

contains highly coiled duct of the epididymis

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20
Q

the ducts of the epididymis are lined with ?

A

are lined with pseudo- stratified columnar epithelium

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21
Q

Vas deferens

A

transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

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22
Q

vas deferens is lined with ?

A

is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing stereo cilia. Has a small lumen and Muscularis component helps propel sperm

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23
Q

The ampulla of the vas deferens

A

is the expanded distal portion of the vas deferens

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24
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

made up of the ampulla and seminal vesicle which are accessory glands of the male reproductive system that secretes nutritive fluid for the sperm

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25
Q

accessory glands

A

there are 3 that nourish the sperm as they travel through the duct system

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26
Q

seminal vesicle

A

located on the posterior surface of the bladder , are large coiled tubular glands , the seminal vesicles provide fluid and nutrients to the ejaculate and make up 60%of the volume of semen

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27
Q

prostate gland

A

located beneath the bladder and is the size of a walnut which is embedded in a mass of smooth muscle and connective tissue

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28
Q

prostate gland secretes

A

sugars and enzymes which account for about 33 % of the volume of the seminal fluid

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29
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

pea sized glands that are located below the prostate at the base of penis

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30
Q

bulbourethral glands secretes

A

thick clear , alkaline mucus that drains into penile urethra , secretion is released before ejaculation to neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra

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31
Q

Pathway of sperm

A

sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Sperm passes through the epididymis, vas deferns , ejaculatory duct and urethra. along the way fluid is secreted to contribute tot he volume of semen

32
Q

Penis

A

both urinary and reproductive functions as it is pathway for both urine and sperm

33
Q

root of penis

A

fixed portion, which attaches penis to the ischium ( pelvic bone)

34
Q

Body of penis

A

tubular movable portion which consists of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue and contains urethra

35
Q

glands of penis

A

tip of the penis , expanded distal end and contains the external urethral opening

36
Q

penile tissue corpora cavernosa

A

erectile cylinder on dorsal surface of penis which make up most of the mass

37
Q

proximal portion of the corpora cavernosa

A

known as the crura and are attached to the bony pelvis by muscle

38
Q

penile tissue corpus spongiosum

A

cylinder that contains the urethra and expands distally to form the glands of the penis

39
Q

proximal end of the corpus spongiosum

A

known as the bulb of the penis

40
Q

ovaries

A

paired organs located ear the lateral walls of the pelvis and are where the eggs / ova are proceed and stored prior to ovulation

41
Q

ovarian ligament

A

anchor the ovaries to the uterus

42
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

anchor the ovaries to the pelvic wall

43
Q

ovaries are protected by

A

outer covering of dense connective tissue

44
Q

tunica albuginea of ovaries

A

ovaries are surrounded by this connective tissue capsule , ovaries are divided into the cortex and medulla

45
Q

cortex of the ovaries

A

contains many ovarian follicles , each at a different stage of development towards becoming a mature follicle , one mature follicle is ovulated during the menstrual cycle

46
Q

primary follicle

A

develops from the primordial follicle , has 2 or more layers surrounding the egg

47
Q

primordial follicle

A

most immature of the follicles and is made up of single layer of squamous cells surrounding the oocyte

48
Q

secondary follicle

A

develops after primary follicle , contain an Antrum or fluid filled space also called an astral follicle

49
Q

Graafian follicle

A

mature follicle that will be ovulated that is much larger than the secondary follicle, contains an Antrum. ovulation happens when it ruptures

50
Q

corpus luteum

A

develops from the remnants of the mature follicle , produces progesterone and some estrogen to support fertilization if no fertilization , the corpus letup degenerates

51
Q

medulla of ovaries

A

inner region, contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics that supply the tissue of ovary

52
Q

infundibulum

A

region of the uterine tube, opens to the peritoneal cavity and have finger like extension called frimbrae. Captures the egg after it is released from an ovary

53
Q

ampulla

A

widest and longest portion of the uterine tubes , where fertilization normally occurs

54
Q

isthmus

A

proximal portion, closest to the uterus and passes through the uterine wall opening into the lumen of the uterus

55
Q

another name for uterine tubes

A

Fallopian tubes

56
Q

Uterus

A

pear shaped muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the rectum

57
Q

what is the role of the uterus

A

the uterus is the organ that carries and supports the developing fetus during pregnancy and contracts for birth

58
Q

the fundus

A

the most superior portion of the uterus, extends between the uterine walls

59
Q

the body of the uterus

A

main part of uterus and is composed of smooth muscle

60
Q

cervix

A

most inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina. cervical canal connects to the vagina

61
Q

2 openings to the cervical canal

A

internal os: connects uterus to cervix

external os: connects cervix and vagina

62
Q

endometrium

A

glandular inner lining of the uterus which goes through changes in the menstrual cycle makes up 10% of total mass of uterus

63
Q

myometrium

A

middle layer of smooth muscle that makes up 90% mass of uterus

64
Q

perimetrium

A

thin outer layer composed of serosa

65
Q

the uterus is supported by ?

A

the broad ligament ,which drapes on top

66
Q

vagina

A

acts as the birth canal connects the uterus to the outside world

67
Q

mucosa of vagina

A

stratified squamous cells and produces glycogen, which is metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid , protects the vaginas environment by creating an acidic environment

68
Q

muscularis of vagina

A

elastic and loose connective tissue with an inner circular and very thick outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

69
Q

the vagina is covered by

A

an adventitia

70
Q

mons pubis

A

adipose tissue overlying the pubic bone

71
Q

clitoris

A

female external genitalia composed of erectile tissue that is like the corpora cavernosa in men

72
Q

labia majora

A

large lips that are fatty skin folds that are similar to the male scrotum , has pubic hair

73
Q

labia minora

A

inner folds or smaller lips close to the opening of the vagina do not have pubic hair

74
Q

vestibule

A

also known as the vulva, space bounded by the labia minora and bears the external urethral and the vaginal opening

75
Q

mammary glands

A

breast glands that are modified sweat glands that also produce milk . consist of 15 to 20 lobes that contain glands with connective tissue separating them and act as suspensory ligaments that attach the breast to the underlying muscle , also contain the lactiferous ducts , which drain into the nipple

76
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

when fertilization takes place outside of the normal regions

ANAT 1OO MOUDLE 9 (5 decks)

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