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Bio 3201 Unit 1B > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Physical features that develop during puberty that are not directly involved in reproduction

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2
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Physical features that are directly involved in reproduction

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3
Q

Epididymis

A

Duct where sperm mature and become motile, located near each testicle

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4
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Tube in testes where sperm are produced

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5
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Gland that secretes mucus containing fructose, an energy source for sperm. Located behind the prostate gland

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6
Q

Prostate gland

A

Gland that secretes alkaline fluid into the urethra. Provides an environment best suited for sperm

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7
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

Gland that secretes clear mucus fluid that aids in lubrication and neutralizes acidity in the urethra. Located below the prostate

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8
Q

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

A

Storage duct leading to the penis. Runs from the epididymis into a cavity behind the bladder

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9
Q

Urethra

A

Tube through which urine and semen exit the body

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10
Q

Testis

A

Male reproductive organ that produces sperm

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11
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Cells in the testes that produce sperm

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12
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Cells around which spermatids develop in the testes

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13
Q

Ovary

A

One of a pair of female reproductive organs

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14
Q

Oviduct

A

Cilia-lined tube that leads from ovary to uterus for transport of ova

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15
Q

Fimbriae

A

Projections that sweep ova from the ovary to the oviduct

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16
Q

Cervix

A

Opening of the uterus towards the vagina

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17
Q

Vagina

A

Tube that leads from the exterior to the uterus

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18
Q

Endometrial lining

A

Inner lining of the uterus. Changes throughout the uterine cycle, sheds during menstruation

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19
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone that develops reproductive tract. Production inhibits the release of LH

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20
Q

FSH

A

Hormone that stimulates development of sex organs and gamete production

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21
Q

LH

A

Hormone that stimulates production of testosterone and triggers ovulation

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22
Q

Inhibin

A

Hormone that inhibits the production of FSH

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23
Q

Estrogen

A

Hormone that develops reproductive tract and secondary sex characteristics

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24
Q

Progesterone

A

Hormone that causes uterine thickening

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25
Oxytocin
Hormone that causes cervix to open during birth
26
Prolactin
Hormone produced from infant suckling, leads to milk production
27
Fallopian Tube
Where fertilization occurs
28
Uterus
Where development occurs
29
Follicular stage
Stage of the menstrual cycle where FSH increases, stimulating one follicle to mature
30
Ovulation
End of the follicular stage, halfway through the cycle (day 14)
31
Luteal stage
Stage of the menstrual cycle where the follicle develops into the corpus luteum, secreting progesterone and some estrogen
32
Endometrium
During the uterine cycle, it is shed during the first ~5 days. Estrogen levels cause thickening. After ovulation, progesterone causes faster thickening
33
hCG
Hormone released during implantation, remains high for two months if pregnancy occurs
34
AI
Artificial insemination: sperm collected before being placed in a woman's uterus
35
IVF
In vitro fertilization: eggs harvested, fertilized in lab glassware, developing embryo implanted
36
IVM
In vitro maturation: eggs harvested and matured in lab glassware, then fertilized and implanted
37
Superovulation
Hormone treatment to produce multiple eggs
38
Cryopreservation
Freezing eggs, sperm, or embryos for later use
39
Natural methods
Methods of contraception that involve abstinence, withdrawal, or fertility awareness
40
Physical or chemical barriers
Methods of contraception that involve condoms, sponge, cervical cap, diaphragm, copper IUD, or jellies
41
Hormonal contraception
Methods of contraception that involve the pill, patch, vaginal ring, hormonal IUD, injectable, or plan-B
42
Surgical sterilization
Methods of contraception that involve tubal ligation (female) or vasectomy (male)
43
Stem cells
Cells that can develop into many types of cells, valuable for research into diseases and conditions
44
Multipotent
Stem cells that can turn into a few types of cells, come from adult bone marrow
45
Female infertility
Infertility caused by blocked oviducts, failure to ovulate, endometriosis, or damaged eggs
46
GIFT
Gamete intrafallopian transfer: eggs and sperm are placed in the oviducts to allow natural fertilization
47
Surrogates
Eggs and sperm are implanted in a contracted woman to carry the pregnancy
48
Cleavage
Process of cell division without growth
49
Differentiation/specialization
Process where cells specialize to perform specific functions
50
Chorion
Outermost membrane that encloses all other membranes and the embryo
51
Amnion
Transparent sac that grows to enclose the embryo, filled with amniotic fluid
52
Allantois
Foundation for umbilical cord, helps the embryo exchange gases and waste
53
Labour
Stages of childbirth where the uterus experiences contractions
54
Fraternal twins
Twins that result from two separate eggs being fertilized
55
Identical twins
Twins that result from one egg being fertilized and then separated
56
Home pregnancy test
Test that indicates pregnancy by the second week
57
Ultrasound
Diagnostic technique that provides physical information and internal structures for developing fetus
58
Fetoscopy
Surgical access to fetus through incision, done during fetal growth
59
Amniocentesis
Diagnostic technique where amniotic fluid is withdrawn after the 14th week for genetic testing
60
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Diagnostic technique where fetal cells are removed after the 9th week for genetic testing
61
Maternal Blood Tests
Blood sampling for health and family history, can be done any time
62
Cell-free DNA Prenatal Screening
Sample of cells in the mother's blood originally from the fetus, used for genetic testing
63
Male infertility
Infertility caused by obstruction, low sperm count, non-viable sperm, or erectile dysfunction
64
Pluripotent
Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types

Bio 3201 Unit 1B (1 decks)

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