reproductive system Flashcards
(28 cards)
what are the two parts of the male reproductive system that are external?
The two parts of the male reproductive System that are external are, the scrotum. Which is a sac of Skin that holds the testes outside the body, the scrotum provides the ideal temperature for sperm production. The penis, which is a shaft of spongy erectile tissue surrounding the urethra, it delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract.
what is the structure of sperm and the function of each three parts?
the structure of sperm, the head, which contains DNA, the Acrosome, which contains enzymes that penetrate the protective layer around the ovum, Mitochondria, which provides energy for swimming.
what is polyspermy and how is it prevented?
Polyspermy is when more than one sperm penetrates the oocyte. it can be prevented by depolarization occurring, as it prevents other sperm from entering.
how is testosterone produced and where?
testosterone is produce by, the luteinizing hormone which is produce by the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production of testosterone. its produced in the interstitial cells of the testes.
what are fimbriae and what is their purpose?
the fimbriae are finger like projections at the distal end of each uterine tube, they create a current that draws in the ovulated oocyte.
what is fertilization and where does it typically occur?
fertilization is the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei and is also called conception. fertilization forms a zygote. this typically occurs in the distal end of the uterine tubes.
where does the egg implant?
the egg implants when it attaches to the endometrium and becomes embedded in the mucosa.
how is the endometrial lining maintained?
the endometrial lining is maintained by the corpus luteum continuing to produce hormones
how long is the average menstrual cycle? at what point in the cycle do menstruation and ovulation occur?
the average menstrual cycle is 28 days long. ovulation occurs typically 14 days after menstruation fist begins, and happens when a matured egg is released. Menstruation occurs when the egg has not been fertilized and the unfertilized egg and the endometrial lining shed from the body.
what is the first fertilized cell referred to as?
the first fertilized cell is referred to as a zygote.
what is a blastocyst
a blastocyst is what a zygote becomes after going through a series of rapid mitotic divisions.
how do pregnancy tests tell if you are pregnant and why don’t they work at the moment of conception?
pregnancy tests tell if you are pregnant or not by testing the levels of HCG in you’re urine. they don’t work at the moment of conception because HCG is only secreted by the developing embryo, which only begins 1 week after conception.
what is the function of the placenta
the function of the placenta is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the embryonic blood and remove wastes, it also secrets estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy.
at what point in time does an embryo become a fetus?
the point in time when an embryo becomes a fetus is the 9th week of development.
what is relaxin and what does it do?
relaxin is a hormone produced by the placenta that relaxes ligaments and widens the pubic symphysis in preparation for delivery.
which hormone triggers labour?
the hormone that triggers labour is oxytocin.
what are monozygotic twins vs dizygotic twins?
monozygotic twins are when one zygote is split early in development. dizygotic twins are when two eggs are released and both are fertilized.
when is the sex of the baby determined?
the sex of the baby is determined at the time of conception.
what is menopause and what are some of the symptoms?
menopause is when ovulation and menstruation stops, usually around the age of 50, it signifies the end of child years, and some symptoms are back pain, hot flashes, weight gain, headaches.
what are the symptoms and treatment for placenta previa?
placenta previa is when the placenta is lying too low in the uterus and may even cover the cervix. if it is present at the onset of labour a c-section is required
what are the symptoms and treatment of an ectopic pregnancy?
and ectopic pregnancy is when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, the baby cannot survive this and it can be fatal to the mother if not caught early enough. if it is caught early enough it can be treated with medication that will remove the egg from the body or if its caught to late then it will require surgery.
what are the symptoms and treatment for endometriosis
endometriosis is when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, it usually involves the ovaries, uterine tubes and tissue lining the pelvis, its often treated with medication or surgery
what are the symptoms and treatment for a yeast infection?
a yeast infection is a common vaginal infection and it causes burning, itching, and pain with urination and this is treated with anti-fungal medication.
map the journey of sperm from the creation to ejaculation including the accessory glands and what they add to the semen.
the journey of sperm starts in the seminiferous tubules, where it is created. then it goes to the epididymis, where sperm matures. then it goes to the vas deferens, where it goes through the three accessory glands. the three accessory gland are the seminal vesicles, these produce fluid that is rich in sugar, vitamins and other substances to nourish sperm. prostate gland, which secretes an alkaline fluid that helps sperm survive and swim more efficiently. cowpers glands, secrete mucus. then after that it moves to the ejaculatory duct, then into the urethra, then the semen exits the body.
