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Reproductive System Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is puberty and what is it controlled by?

A

Point in development where reproduction is possible and it’s controlled by the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is the pathway of sperm?

A

Testes (seminiferous tubules) –> epididymus (maturation of sperm) –> vas deferens –> ejaculatory duct –> urethra

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3
Q

What are the three glands in the male reproductive system

A

Seminiferous tubules, prostate gland, cowper’s gland

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4
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules do?

A

secrete fructose and prostaglandins (60%)

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5
Q

What does the prostate gland do?

A

Secrete an alkaline fluid (20%) and it’s under the bladder

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6
Q

What does the Cowper’s gland do?

A

produce a pre-ejaculate that clears out the urethra

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7
Q

Where do sperm mature?

A

Epididymus

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8
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

inside seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

What type of nurse cells nourish and aid in sperm production

A

Sertoli cells

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Where does the ovum develop?

A

In the ovary

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12
Q

How is the ovum guided into the oviducts?

A

By the fimbria

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13
Q

Where does fertilization occur and where does implantation occur?

A

Fertilization occurs in the oviduct and implantation 5 days later in the uterus

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14
Q

What is the outer, muscular layer of the uterus called?

A

Myometrium

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15
Q

What is the inner, blood vessel rich layer of the uterus called?

A

Endometrium

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16
Q

During child birth how does the baby leave the uterus ?

A

Through the cervix and travels down the vagina before reaching the outside world

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17
Q

What is the pathway of an ovum out of the body?

A

Ovary —> oviduct —> uterus —> cervix —> vagina

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18
Q

What are the two functions of the ovaries?

A

Forms ova, produces sex hormones

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19
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Egg formation

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20
Q

What is the name of the beginning cell?

A

Primary oocyte

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21
Q

What is the name of the structure left inside the ovary during oogenesis?

A

Corpus luteum

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22
Q

What days does flow occur and what is happening?

A

Days 1-5 and it’s the shedding of endometrium

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23
Q

What hormones are peaking during flow

A

None

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24
Q

What days does the follicular phase occur and what is happening?

A

Days 6-13, The development of follicles, egg maturation, estrogen builds to the endometrium

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25
What hormones are peaking during the follicular phase?
Estrogen and FSH
26
What day does ovulation occur and what is happening?
Day 14 and the egg bursts from the ovary
27
What hormone is peaking during ovulation
LH
28
What days does the luteal phase occur and what is happening?
Days 15-28 -occurs after ovulation when follicle becomes the corpus luteum which secrets progesterone - if no fertilization occurs corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus Albicans
29
What hormones are peaking during the luteal phase?
Estrogen and progesterone
30
What are some of the functions of estrogen?
Secondary sex characteristics and negative feedback to suppress FSH
31
What two cells are present in the testes and what are their functions?
Sertoli cells - nourish developing sperm Interstitial cells - produce testosterone
32
What is the acrosome?
The head, contains enzymes to penetrate the egg
33
What is the name of the beginning cells in spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonia
34
What gland secretes FSH?
Anterior pituitary
35
What does FSH target and what are its actions?
Ovaries (follicle) - stimulates follicle development and estrogen release Testes (sertoli cells) - Sertoli cells stimulate spermatogenesis
36
What mechanism controls the secretion of FSH?
GnRH
37
What gland secretes LH?
Anterior pituitary
38
What’s the target and action of LH?
Ovaries - stimulates ovulation, corpus luteum formation, estrogen and progesterone release Testes (interstitial cells) - stimulate testosterone production
39
What mechanism controls the secretion of LH?
GnRH
40
What gland secretes testosterone?
Testis
41
What’s the target of testosterone?
Testis (Sertoli cells) many other tissues
42
What’s the action of testosterone?
Supports spermatogenesis, develops and maintains secondary sex characteristics, sex drive, bone growth, muscle development, facial hair etc.
43
What mechanism controls the secretion of testosterone?
LH
44
What gland produces estrogen (follicle and corpus luteum)
Ovary
45
What’s the target and action of estrogen?
Uterus and many other cells Develops and maintains secondary sex characteristics, thickening of endometrium in preproduction for pregnancy
46
What mechanism controls the secretion of estrogen?
FSH
47
What gland secretes progesterone (corpus luteum)
Ovary
48
What’s the action of progesterone?
Promotes continued growth of endometrium, prevents ovulation, prevents uterine contractions
49
What mechanism controls the secretion of Progesterone?
LH
50
What is a zygote?
Single cell
51
What is the 16 cell stage called?
A morula
52
At what point does a blastocyst occur and what’s happening?
Hollow and around 128 cells (day 5-7) implants in endometrium
53
What is gastrulation?
The formation of 3 primary germ layers that from all the organs in the embryo
54
What is the order of human development?
Fertilization —> zygote —> morula —> blastocyst—> gastrulation —> embryo —> fetus —> birth
55
When does the fetal period start?
After week 9, remainder of first trimester, second and third trimester
56
What does the chorion become?
Placenta
57
What does the allantois become?
Umbilical cord
58
What does the amnion become?
Amniotic sac
59
What does the yolk sac become?
The beginning of the digestive tract and first blood cells
60
Ectoderm (outer)
Skin, nervous system
61
Mesoderm (middle)
Circulatory system, muscles, internal reproductive organs
62
Endoderm (inner)
Linning of the digestive and respiratory system and bladder
63
What makes HCG (human choronic gonadotropin)
Made by the chorion later or placenta
64
What does relaxin do?
Cause the ligaments in pelvis to loosen
65
What produces oxytocin and where is it stored and released?
Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary

Bio 30 (4 decks)

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