Reproductive System

Question 1

semen

Answer 1

liquid and sperm cells; creates a pool for the sperm to swim in
passes out through the urethra

Question 2

penis

Answer 2

deposits the sperm in the female’s reproductive tract

Question 3

testes

Answer 3

produce testosterone

Question 4

ovaries

Answer 4

produce eggs ; estrogen and progesterone

Question 5

pathway of egg

Answer 5

ovary–> oviduct/ Fallopian tube –> uterus (if it’s not fertilized–>cervix –>vagina

Question 6

cervix

Answer 6

lower end of the uterus

Question 7

vagina

Answer 7

muscular tube (birth canal)

Question 8

menstrual cycle

Answer 8

events that prepare the uterus for pregnancy

Follicle stage –> ovulation –> corpus luteum –> menstruation

Question 9

vas deferens

Answer 9

tube that carries the sperm from the testes to the urethrea

Question 10

prostate

Answer 10

gland that adds fluid to the sperm

Question 11

scrotum

Answer 11

sac of skin that holds the testes; keeps the temp lower than the body to produce sperm

Question 12

pathway of sperm

Answer 12

testes–> vas deferns–> urethra–> out of body

Question 13

follicle stage

Answer 13

9 days- egg ripens

**Estrogen & progesterone increase

Question 14

Ovulation

Answer 14

1 day (14th day), between follicle and corpus leteum, when the mature egg is released into a Fallopian Tube
**LH is at its peak

Question 15

Corpus Luteal Phase

Answer 15

ovulation to menstruation, sac fills with corpus luteum, uterine wall is the thickest (14 days)
**Progesterone increases, FSH LOW

Question 16

Menstrual Flow Stage

Answer 16

Period of menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels are lowest, new egg begins to develop, Uterine walls shed and unfertilized egg exits, 3-7 days
**estrogen & progesterone are low

Question 17

follicle

Answer 17

holds the eggs in the ovaries

Question 18

what are the 3 layers of the egg cell?

Answer 18

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

Question 19

why is it important that only one sperm fertilizes the egg?

Answer 19

if more than one did, the zygote would not have 2n, and would therefore not be human

Question 20

if more than one egg is released, what happens?

Answer 20

twins/triplets/quadruplets

Question 21

why isn’t fertilization considered to be complete until the nuclei join?

Answer 21

that’s when the 2 nuclei (chromosomes) unite and become diploid

Question 22

how many eggs are made when an egg cell undergoes regular meiosis?

Answer 22

1 egg, 3 polar bodies

Question 23

Chorion

Answer 23

Gas exchange

Question 24

Amniotic Fluid

Answer 24

Cushions and protects the embryo

Question 25

Allantois

Answer 25

Stores waste products and later on acts as a respiratory organ

Question 26

Embryo

Answer 26

What the organism is called up to 8 weeks after fertilization

Question 27

Airspace

Answer 27

Functions in helping the embryo to breathe, provides room for growth

Question 28

Yolk Sac

Answer 28

Contains the yolk

Question 29

Yolk

Answer 29

Food and nutrients

Question 30

Albumen

Answer 30

The white of the egg; blood vessels

Question 31

Shell

Answer 31

Protects the embryo

Question 32

What does the bird get it's nutrients?

Answer 32

Yolk sac

Question 33

How does the bird get it's O2?

Answer 33

Airspace and chorion

Question 34

What parts of the egg protects the embryo from the environment?

Answer 34

Shell, amniotic fluid

Question 35

Placenta

Answer 35

The link between the mom and the embryo. | *blood does not mix

Question 36

Differentiation

Answer 36

When the cells become specialized and different | Increase in size and # of cells

Question 37

What determines if a gene is active or inactive?

Answer 37

Environment, construction of of cytoplasm

Question 38

What does it mean for a gene to be expressed?

Answer 38

Actively producing proteins. | Plants grown without light-->white

Question 39

Differentiation order

Answer 39

Fertilization->zygote->cleavage->morula->blastula-> gastrula.

Question 40

Protostome

Answer 40

Animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore

Question 41

Deuterostome

Answer 41

An animal whose anus is formed from the blastopore

Question 42

Endoderm

Answer 42

Innermost layer | Forms the digestive tract and respiratory system

Question 43

Mesoderm

Answer 43

Middle layer | Makes muscles, circulatory, reproductive, excretory organs

Question 44

Ectoderm

Answer 44

Outermost layer | Makes sense organs, nerves, outermost layer of skin

Question 45

Cleavage

Answer 45

Rapid series of mitotic divisions

Question 46

Blastulation

Answer 46

Blastula forms, made of a single layer of cells

Question 47

Gastrulation

Answer 47

Forming of 3 germ layers

Question 48

Sequence of the events for the formation and development of an embryo

Answer 48

Meiosis fertilization cleavage differentiation

Question 49

Sequence of the development of the embryo

Answer 49

Fertilization cleavage blastula gastrula

Question 50

Why can alcohol can effect the fetus

Answer 50

The alcohol can diffuse from the mothers blood to the embryo's within the placenta

Question 51

What happens in prenatal development?

Answer 51

Menstruation and fertilization