Reproductive System-Female

Question 1

What are the ovaries held in place by?

Answer 1

Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament
Ovarian ligament
Mesenteries

Question 2

What are the 2 functions of the ovaries?

Answer 2

• Follicle development
  -Estrogen/progesterone production

Question 3

How many follicles do you have at birth?

Answer 3

700000

Question 4

How many follicles develop per month?

Answer 4

1-2

Question 5

LH stimulates Theca cells to produce what?

Answer 5

Androgens

Question 6

FSH trigger granolas cells to convert what?

Answer 6

Convert androgens→ estrogens

Question 7

What are primary oocytes surrounded by?

Answer 7

Single layer of granolas cells

Question 8

Oocyte + granolas cells →?

Answer 8

Primary follicle

Question 9

T/f: several primordial follicles start to develop but only one becomes the primary follicle

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Follicles mature in what?

Answer 10

Ovary

Question 11

T/f: at ovulation secondary follicles push out of ovary wall

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the site of fertilization?

Answer 12

Ovarian tubes

Question 13

What happens in the ovarian tubes?

Answer 13

Fimbrae draw ovum into fallopian tubes, cilia and smooth muscle help move the ovum toward the uterus

Question 14

What type of muscle is the uterus?

Answer 14

Smooth

Question 15

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?

Answer 15

Basal layer (constantly dividing)
Functional layer (shed each month)

Question 16

Where is the site of implantation?

Answer 16

Endometrium of uterus

Question 17

Where is the site of sperm deposition?

Answer 17

Vagina

Question 18

What is the role of mucous in the vagina?

Answer 18

Aids sperm survival

Question 19

What is the role of acid secretion in the vagina?

Answer 19

Protection

Question 20

What is billing’s method?

Answer 20

A way to achieve pregnancy

Question 21

What does the ovarian cycle prepare?

Answer 21

Ova for ovulation

Question 22

What does the uterine cycle prepare?

Answer 22

Endometrium

Question 23

T/f: menstrual cycles are hormone controlled

Answer 23

True

Question 24

How long is the ovarian cycle?

Answer 24

28 days (2 phases)

Question 25

What hormone is higher during the follicular phase, maturing follicles (1-14)?

Answer 25

FSH (estrogen is secreted)

Question 26

What causes ovulation (14)?

Answer 26

Spike in FSH and LH

Question 27

What hormones are secreted during the luteal phase (14-28)?

Answer 27

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 28

How long is the uterine/menstrual cycle?

Answer 28

28 days, 3 phases

Question 29

What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

- Menstrual ( 1-7) - proliferative (7 - 14) - secretary or progestational (14 - 28)

Question 30

What triggers the menstrual phase (shedding of functional layer)?

Answer 30

Drop in estrogen and progesterone

Question 31

What hormone is higher in the proliferative phase?

Answer 31

Estrogen

Question 32

What occurs in the proliferative phase?

Answer 32

Repairs uterine wall

Question 33

What hormones are higher during secretary or progestational phase?

Answer 33

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 34

What happens during the secretary or progestational phase?

Answer 34

Endometrium thickens in readiness for implantation

Question 35

What occurs if egg is not fertilized?

Answer 35

Corpus luteum Degenerates Estrogen and progesterone drop — menses

Question 36

What occurs if egg is fertilized?

Answer 36

HCG is secreted → corpus luteum maintained →> estrogen and progesterone stay high → no menses

Question 37

What causes female infertility?

Answer 37

-Abnormal production of FSH and/or LH Irregular menstrual cycles Endometriosis Acidic vagina Pelvic inflammatory disease Thick mucous Aging Blocked tubules

Question 38

Name some ways we can enhance fertility?

Answer 38

-Fertility enhancing drugs (act on FSH and LH) Artificial insemmination - IVF GIFT ZIFT

Question 39

Types of birth control:

Answer 39

-Pill (inhibits LH and FSH by controlling E or p → no ovulation) -spermacide -IUd Barrier Morning after pill (high E and P - when they drop you get your period) Surgical: -vasectomy -tubal ligation -hysterectomy

Question 40

What is menopause?

Answer 40

Cessation of woman's menstrual cycle around ages 45-55 Trigger by hypothalamic change

Question 41

What is endometriosis?

Answer 41

Abnormal growth of endometrial tissue inside or outside of uterus (can lead to eggs implanting elsewhere)

Question 42

Name the bacterial STD's:

Answer 42

-Syphilis (lesions, rashes) - gonorrhea (discharge, painful urination, burning itch) -chlamydia (discharge, burning, itch can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease)

Question 43

Name the viral STD's:

Answer 43

- HIV→ leads to AIDS (destroys immune system) - hepatitis b -contagious, affects liver -genital herpes (blister, may infect children during birth) -HPV (genital warts, two types can cause cervical cancer)

Question 44

Other STD's:

Answer 44

-yeast -Trichomoniasis -Pubic lice (crabs)