Reproductive systems

Question 1

testes

Answer 1

testes are organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

scrotum pouch is clump of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

Question 3

follicles

Answer 3

follicles are sacs containing egg cells

Question 4

fallopian tube

Answer 4

fallopian tubes is a tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes.

Question 5

fertilisation

Answer 5

fertilisation is the penetration of the ovum by a sperm

Question 6

hormones

Answer 6

Hormones is a chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

Question 7

menarche

Answer 7

menarche is the first menstrual period

Question 8

menstrual cycle

Answer 8

menstrual cycle is the beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

Question 9

sexual reproduction

Answer 9

sexual reproduction is joining together of male and female reproductive cells

Question 10

gametes

Answer 10

gametes are the reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

Question 11

sperm

Answer 11

sperm is the male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

Question 12

ova

Answer 12

ova is the female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

Question 13

zygote

Answer 13

zygote is a cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

Question 14

external fertilisation

Answer 14

external fertilisation is reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

Question 15

internal fertilisation

Answer 15

internal fertilisation is reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

Question 16

copulation

Answer 16

copulation is the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

Question 17

sexual intercourse

Answer 17

sexual intercourse is the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

Question 18

meiosis

Answer 18

meiosis is cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

Question 19

epigenetics

Answer 19

epigenetics is a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

Question 20

nuclear DNA

Answer 20

nuclear DNA is genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

Question 21

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Answer 21

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

Question 22

ejaculation

Answer 22

ejaculation is the release of sperm

Question 23

semen

Answer 23

semen is the combination of fluid and sperm

Question 24

identical twins

Answer 24

identical twins are twins developed from the same fertilised egg

Question 25

fraternal twins

Answer 25

fraternal twins are twins developed from different fertilised eggs

Question 26

petals

Answer 26

petals are the coloured parts of a flower that attract insects

Question 27

flowers

Answer 27

flowers are the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels. They are often colourful to attract pollinating insects.

Question 28

nectaries

Answer 28

nectaries are parts of a flower, at the base of the petals, that secrete nectar

Question 29

pollen

Answer 29

pollen is fine powder containing the pollen grains (the male sex cells of a plant)

Question 30

stigma

Answer 30

stigma is the female part of a flower, at the top of the carpel, that catches the pollen during pollination

Question 31

pollination

Answer 31

pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower

Question 32

self-pollination

Answer 32

self-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma

Question 33

cross-pollination

Answer 33

cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

Question 34

insect-pollinated flowers

Answer 34

insect-pollinated flowers are flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers

Question 35

wind-pollinated flowers

Answer 35

wind-pollinated flowers are flowers that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower

Question 36

anthers

Answer 36

anthers are the male part of a flower that makes pollen

Question 37

pollen grains

Answer 37

pollen grains are the male gametes of a flower

Question 38

pollen tube

Answer 38

pollen tube is a long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule

Question 39

style

Answer 39

style is the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma

Question 40

ovules

Answer 40

ovules are receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells

Question 41

ovary

Answer 41

ovary in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones

Question 42

endosperm

Answer 42

endosperm is the food supply for the embryo plant in a seed

Question 43

seed

Answer 43

a seed is the product of a fertilised ovule

Question 44

seed coat

Answer 44

seed coat is the protective layer around a seed

Question 45

fruit

Answer 45

fruit is the ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds

Question 46

disperse

Answer 46

disperse is the scatter the seeds from plants

Question 47

plumule

Answer 47

plumule is the small bud at the tip of the embryo plant in a seed

Question 48

radicle

Answer 48

radicle is the beginnings of a root making up part of a plant embryo inside a seed

Question 49

cotyledons

Answer 49

cotyledons is the special leaves of the embryo plant inside a seed that provide food for the developing seedling

Question 50

germination

Answer 50

germination is the first sign of growth from the seed of a plant

Question 51

seedling

Answer 51

seedling is the young plant produced from the embryo in the seed after germination