REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Flashcards
(41 cards)
When the savior child is born, its umbilical cord blood can be saved as a source of stem cells for the patient in need of a transplant.
SAVIOR SIBLING
inability to conceive a child after a year of frequent sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives.
INFERTILITY
- delay in conceiving. A possibility of conceiving naturally exists, but takes
longer than average.
SUBFERTILITY
What age does menopause starts?
age 51
MALE INFERTILITY
- man has low sperm count (fewer than the average 15-200 million sperm cells per mL of ejaculate).
OLIGOSPERMIA
causes: hormonal imbalance; man’s IgA antibodies that cover the sperm; varicose vein in the scrotum.
OLINGOSPERMIA
MALE INFERTILITY
- Has no measurable sperm in a man’s ejaculate (semen).
Azoospermia
Causes: abnormalities in any part of the reproductive system.
FEMALE INFERTILITY
- can stimulate ovulation, but can also cause women to “superovulate.”
FERTILITY DRUGS
commonly used drug, raises the chance of having twins from 1-2% to - 4-6%.
Clomiphene
INFERTILITY TESTS (MAN)
Man is checked first.
✓ Sperm count
✓ Sperm motility
✓ Sperm morphology (*Performed by urologists)
◼ Y chromosome deletions associated with oligospermia -
genetic counselor.
◼ Unidentified cause of infertility - gynecologist checks the
woman to see that reproductive organs are present and
functioning.
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- detects the surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) that occurs before ovulation.
Ovulation testing
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- detects abnormalities in the uterine cavity.
Hysterosalpingography
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- determines the quality and quantity of eggs available for ovulation.
OVARIAN RESERVE TESTING
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
➢ Pelvic Ultrasound: uterine/fallopian tube disease.
➢ Sonohysterogram (Saline Infusion Sonogram): used to see details inside the uterus that can’t be seen on a
regular ultrasound.
IMAGING TESTS
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- involves collecting cells from your cervix.
PAP SMEAR
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- check levels of ovulatory hormones as well as thyroid and pituitary hormones.
OTHER HORMONE TESTING
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- may identify endometriosis, scarring, blockages or irregularities of the fallopian tubes, and problems with
the ovaries and uterus.
LAPAROSCOPY
INFERTILITY TESTS (FOR WOMEN)
- helps determine whether there’s a genetic defect causing infertility.
GENETIC TESTING
A procedures that replace a gamete or provide a uterus to help people with fertility problems have children.
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ARTs)
- oldest ART (artificial insemination), a doctor places a donated spem into a woman’s cervix or uterus.
- a woman might seek IUI using donor sperm:
✓ Her partner is infertile or has a mutation that the couple wishes to avoid passing to their child.
✓ To be a single parent without having sex.
✓ Lesbian couple to have a child.
INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION (IUI)
- surrogate mother agrees to bear a child for another woman who is incapable to conceive herself by being
inseminated with the man’s sperm. - both genetic and gestational mother.
- surrogate mother lends only her uterus, receiving a fertilized ovum conceived from a man and a woman
who has healthy ovaries, but lack a functional uterus. - “embryo transfer to a host uterus.”
- “gestational-only surrogate mother.”
SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD
- “fertilization in glass,” sperm and oocytes join in a laboratory dish.
- a woman might undergo IVF if her ovaries and uterus work but her uterine tubes are blocked.
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)
- infertility treatment that injects a sperm cell nucleus into an oocyte.
- helpful for men who have low sperm counts or many
- makes fatherhood possible for men who cannot ejaculate.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)
