reptiles Flashcards

Question

how to provide lighting via UVB

Answer 1

- lighting controlled via timer, provides average of 12hrs light and dark - UVB must be provided in daytime active animals to avoid conditions such as MBD - light should be about 30xm away from reptile as this ensures sufficient exposure - different types of lighting used depending on species - incandescent bulbs- light bulbs, different colours, halogen - fluorescent tubes with UVB and UVA - mercury vapour lamps- HID, heat light, and UVB at greater intensity - metal halide lamps, high intensity of light and UVB, lower levels of heat - amount of light required depends on species, time of year

Answer 2

lights provide photoperiod for reptile which stims natural behaviour, basking, eating and reproduction

Answer 3

- required for calcium metabolism and activation/ synthesis of Vitamin D - using UVC has a risk to humans and reptiles and shouldn’t be used - UVB don’t have a long lifespan - 6 months (if young or growing change bulb every 3-6 months) - bulb should be positioned where hits animal not bottom of cage. diminishes with distance - UVB won’t pass through glass, plastic or mesh, needs to be inside viv

Answer 4

- need fresh air flow to avoid respiratory issues - have to make sure don’t alter temp, can’t be draughty - vivs have ventilation holes at level of animal to ensure good throughput of air - holes at back/ sides - good air flow but avoid draughts - if have vents at different levels opposite each other shouldn’t allow escape

Answer 5

- vary for use in reptilian viv - avoid wood chips, gravel or corn cob as leads to impaction - avoid silica sand as causes respiratory irritation - substrate should be digestible if consumed, leaf litter, soil, shredded paper - hospitals- newspaper, allows monitoring of faecal/ urinary output- not idea for long term, can’t dig or burrow

Answer 6

leaf litter soil shredded paper

Answer 7

- needs hides for shelter, nesting or hiding, exercise, prevent boredom - water should be provided for drinking - heavy bowls for water to prevent spilling - tortoises- tray of water which is shallow enough to walk through/ bathe in, deep enough to allow partial head submersion for drinking through nostrils - hides- many hides needed to give pet sense of security, reduce stress, when in hide they should be able to touch 3 sides to reduce stress, hide required by chelonia - branches, textured and support weight of species, needed for climbing or basking, basking area 1/3 of tank 2/3 of water, need filtration system - if not water needs changed daily - plants, living plants provide humidity, hide, look nice, lizards will ingest plants so don’t use plastic or silk - stones, flat smooth base to avoid rolling, large and heavy - feeding equipment need to be large and heavy, ceramic bowls for drinking or bathing - basking or swimming areas, semi aquatic and aquatic species need areas to swim and bask

Answer 8

many reptiles carry salmonella which is zoonotic ensure good hygiene procedures wash hands with soap and water after handling or cleaning a viv not all disinfectants are suitable for reptiles de chlorinated water should be used within the environment

Answer 9

120cm long 60cm high 60cm deep hot end 38-42 cool end 22-26 30-40%

Answer 10

basking zone 30-35 cool end 22-26 40-90%

Answer 11

- small cranial cavity which protects the brain and large nasal cavity. they have a quadrate bone which is not rigidly attached so pivots allow vertical and horizontal rotation of jaw - lower jaw - right and left separation at mandibular symphysis. no temporomandibular joint, and yawn after eating. the lower jaw two pieces are connected in front by an elastic ligament- each side can move independently. the mandible and quadrate bone can pick up vibrations in the ground

Answer 12

maxilla have 2 rows of teeth on each side mandible have 1 row of teeth on each side the fangs are located at the front or rear of mouth, they point backwards and they are attached to bone. they are not used for chewing. all teeth are replaced. non venomous teeth are short and hook like, venomous are grooved

Answer 13

all vertebrae have ribs except coccygeal the functions of the rib cage are to protect organs, contribute to respiration and attachment of muscles to aid locomotion

Answer 14

scaled have a keratinised outer layer of epidermis which is smooth, keeled or granular there are different sized scales. little to no skin glands eyes have transparent scales

Answer 15

1-4 times a year depending on season health and age new skin forms beneath old eyes are cloudy and blue during this time protein rich fluid is secreted between old and new skin the fluid is reabsorbed skin sloughs

Answer 16

infrared sensitivity - snakes have pit organs which are used for tracking of prey, thermoregulation and infrared which are sensitive receptors eyesight- is varied from very poor to very good vibration sensitivity is highly sensitive to vibration in the ground tongue is long slender, forked and mobile its function is used olfaction, taste, touch and jacobsons organ

Answer 17

the oesophagus is an extremely distensible muscular tube which enters the stomach in the second third of middle portion of body. the stomach is strong, elastic and tubular. it contains powerful digestive juices where the whole prey is digested. some snakes have a splenopancreas which is where the spleen is adhered to the pancreas. the liver runs from the mid point of the lungs to the caudal stomach

Answer 18

coprodeum- faeces is discharged from the large intestine into the coprodeum urodeum- received the urogential ducts which carry urine and either eggs or sperm proctodeum- acts as a general collecting area for digestive and excretory waste. the male hemipenes open into the portion of this compartment nearest the tail

Answer 19

paired nostrils glottis allows breathing whilst eating trachea has c shaped cartilages the r lungs is large and l lung is small or absent. no diaphragm and ribs and intercostal muscles to breathe in and abdominal and intercostal muscles to breathe out

Answer 20

primitive 3 chambered heart 02 depleted blood is pumped into one atria 02 rich blood from the lungs gets pumped into the other atria all empty into the lower common ventricle and then circulated through the body

Answer 21

2 testes lie cranial to kidneys and enlarge during breeding season 2 hemipenes which lie inverted but every when engorged with blood hemipenes contain bards and spines female has paired ovaries oviparous- produce eggs hatched after laid ovoviviparous- produce eggs, retained in parents until hatched, live offspring are born

Answer 22

not live animal mice rats, rabbits all frozen pinkies once every 6 weeks breeding season signs of hunger- up at glass more often, moving around viv more than usual, flicking tongue more than usual

Answer 23

need to ensure that putting you hand in viv is not associated with food make sure your scent is not on food, wear gloves and handle minimally use blunt ended forceps or long handled tongs remove from viv to feed wash hands

Answer 24

variable diet insects and meal worms which are dusted in calcium powder monitor lizards eat dog food, raw eggs or rats young lizards need to be fed twice to 3 times daily appetite will slow as growth does size of insect should be no wider than lizards head

Answer 25

insects can be gut loaded- fed nutritious food high in calcium and vitamins water needs provided at all times

Answer 26

diet should reflect natural foods as much as possible and be fed ad lib varied in fibre, vitamins, minerals and low in fats and protein grape leaves rose leaves kale celery grated carrot cabbage cucumber brocoli can give small amount of fruit pelleted food don’t feed fresh cut grass, lettuce, tinned dog or cat food

Answer 27

ventral coccygeal vein cardiac puncture jugular cut down

reptiles Flashcards

(51 cards)