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Rome Study Guide > Republic > Flashcards

Republic Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Purpose of the Curia

A

The Senatorial meeting house

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2
Q

Number of Senate members

A

300

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3
Q

Two aspects of Senatorial dress

A

(1) Toga (2) with purple stripe

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4
Q

“Power” held by Senate

A

Auctoritas (no legislative power)

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5
Q

Values of Greek tryphe

A

Opulence, richness, abundance, luxury, idleness

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6
Q

Conservative Roman value

A

Mos maiorum (custom of the ancestors)

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7
Q

Approximate date for Alexander mosaic

A

ca. 310 BC

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8
Q

Depiction of Alexander mosaic

A

Alexander vs. Darius III at Issus (333 BC)

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9
Q

Founding of Temple of Hercules Victor

A

146 BC

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10
Q

Form of Temple of Hercules Victor

A

Tholos (circular in shape)

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11
Q

Symbolism of having Temple of Hercules Victor in Rome

A

Demonstrates Rome having fully conquered Greece and Greek culture
- Greek (demi)god
- Greek temple structure
- commemorated by Mummius, destroyer of Corinth

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12
Q

Financing and materials of Temple of Hercules Victor

A
  • Greek spoils
  • materials from Athens
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13
Q

Earliest Roman walls (2nd c. - 1st c. BC)

A

Opus incertum

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14
Q

Middle Roman walls (1st c. BC - 1st c. AD)

A

Opus reticulatum

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15
Q

Latest Roman walls (from 1st c. BC onward)

A

Opus testaceum

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16
Q

Founding date of Pompey’s Theater

A

55 BC

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17
Q

Patron of Pompey’s Theater

A

Venus Victrix

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18
Q

Features of the Cavea of Pompey’s Theater

A
  • seating area
  • “steps” to the temple
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19
Q

“Purpose” of the theater (Pompey’s Theater)

A

Ritual activities

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20
Q

Purposes of the porticoes of Pompey’s Theater

A
  • gardens for the public
  • meeting rooms for the Senate
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21
Q

Why Pompey’s Theater needed to be disguised as a temple

A

Theaters were only ever temporary since they promoted Greek ideas. Therefore Pompey needed to win over the people and the Senate by establishing a theater (for the people) under the guise of it being a massive Roman temple (for the Senate).

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22
Q

Effect of Caesar’s comet

A

Established an affirmation for the deification of Caesar in the eyes of the Romans

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23
Q

Parts of Roman names

A

Praenomen, nomen, cognomen

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24
Q

Timespan of the Republic

A

509-31/27 BC

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25
Two characteristics of consuls
- held military authority - presidency went back and forth each day
26
Three characteristics of centuriates
- elected officials - men who fought in the army - wealthiest 10% of people and dominated elections
27
Three characteristics of plebs
- formed after people went on strikes - excluded aristocrats - originally only had influence over plebs, but later eveyone
28
How tribal assemblies were formed
Based on location, which led to gerrymandering of sorts
29
Shared authority of centuriate, pleb, and tribal assemblies
Each could pass laws
30
Three different types of citizenship
- full citizenship - Latin rights (from trade and intermarriage w/ Romans) - citizenship without the vote (for those who wanted rights but couldn't make it to Rome to vote)
31
The conflicts shown in the XII Tables
Patricians vs. plebeians and debt bondages
32
The Comitium
Circular area for citizens to meet and talk
33
Why the Forum was constantly being rebuilt
Leaders wanted to make their mark on the Forum to be remembered
34
Purpose of the Comitium
Citizens' voting space in sight of the gods (had a sanctified zone)
35
The Rostra
The speaker's platform and where the XII tables were
36
The REPUBLICAN Regia
Home of the Pontifex Maximus (had the earlier kings' religious duties)
37
Purpose of Temple of Saturn (497 BC - 283 AD)
State treasury
38
The Equites
Wealthy class that weren't senators; served in army and maintained horses for the cavalry
39
Five first peoples conquered by Rome during expansion
Etruscans, Samnites, Italian Greeks, Carthaginians, Greece
40
Layout of Rome as opposed to literally anywhere else
Haphazard (they blame it on the Gallic Sack) (was the only aspect of Rome that everywhere else didn't replicate)
41
Roman general credited with the Sack of Syracuse (211 BC)
Marcellus
42
What partly caused a huge influx of Greek culture to enter Rome
Battle of Pydna (168 BC): - 150,000 enslaved people brought to Rome - 250 wagons of paintings, statues, etc.
43
Parts of a Domus Italica (4th c. - 3rd c. BC)
Fauces, atrium, compluvium/impluvium, cubicula, alae, tablinum, triclinium, hortus
44
Hellenized Domus (as opposed to a Domus Italica)
- double in size - peristyle garden (had art, sculpture, etc. and was of limited access)
45
A common element in Roman terror
Torture (hacking off limbs, burning wounds, general brutality, etc.)
46
Senatorial property (two aspects)
- acquired land from small landholders while on campaign - massive estates worked entirely by enslaved people
47
Crisis of the Republic
- backbone of army is gone - no small landholders to enroll in legions - massive influx of urban poor at Rome
48
Vilicus
the head of a villa (was also an enslaved person but was treated relatively better)
49
Three parts of the typical Republican villa
- Pars urbana: owner and his otium - Pars rustica: enslaved people, animals, tools - Pars fructuaria: processing and storage of products
50
Gracchan policy
- elite class get 300-350 acres each - all other land goes back to the people - found colonies abroad - secure grain supply for urban poor
51
Deeds of Marius
- recruits from urban poor - promises land and military services - binds army to *general*, not senate or state - standardized armor, training, and job
52
Roman triumph
- required senatorial sanction and a minimum of 5000 enemy casualties - general dressed as Jupiter OM statue - enslaved person whispering "remember that you are a man" - general was at the BACK of the parade - temple was typically built to commemorate it
53
Notable transition in Largo Argentina Temple Complex
From typical Tuscan/Italic to Hellenized tholos (beehive) style
54
How Caesar gained so much territory and love from the people
- manipulated tribes to fight each other and then was peacekeeper - money he earned he gave to Rome and the people - was constantly bankrupt and thus was constantly fighting
55
Deeds of Sulla
- instated proscriptions - strengthened aristocracy - shifted politics to be on a grander scale
56
Architectural changes that resulted from increased interaction with Near East
Roman arch and barred vaults
57
Materials in Roman concrete
Lime mortar, pozzolana, caementa
58
Characteristics of Sulla's Forum
- ground level raised by 1 meter - marble pavement - new Curia - rebuilt Capitolium (w/ Athenian columns)
59
The Tabularium
A records office built by Sulla
60
Location of Pompey's Theater
In Campus Martius, outside Pomerium
61
Caesar's Forum
- rectangle with porticoes - open space for public business - dominated by temple to Venus Genetrix - first of the Fora built by emperors - completed by Augustus
62
Members of First Triumvirate
Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
63
Members of Second Triumvirate
Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus
64
How Octavian won over people (despite being a menace in the past)
Spread propaganda against Antony and showing himself as upholding traditional Italian values

Rome Study Guide (3 decks)

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