Republic Flashcards
(1398 cards)
0
Q
Who replaced the kings after the monarchy fell?
A
Consuls
1
Q
Give the years of the republic
A
509-27 BC
2
Q
Who were the first two consuls?
A
Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
3
Q
Why did Collatinus step down?
A
because his family name was “Tarquinius”
4
Q
Who did Brutus die while fighting with?
A
Arruns, son of Tarquinius Superbus
5
Q
The sons of Tarquinius Superbus, Titus and Tiberius, were part of what group?
A
a rebellion within Rome that tried to reinstall Tarquinius Superbus as king
6
Q
Who were the sons of Tarquinius Superbus who rebelled?
A
Titus and Tiberius
7
Q
What happened to the sons of Tarquinius Superbus that rebelled?
A
executed
8
Q
Who became consul in place of Brutus?
A
Publius Valerius Publicola (or Poplicola)
9
Q
What hill did Publicola try to build his house on?
A
Velian Hill
10
Q
Why couldn’t Publicola build his house on the top of the hill?
A
the people became upset, thinking he was trying to become king
11
Q
Where did Publicola end up building his house?
A
the foot of the Velian Hill
12
Q
How many times was Publicola consul?
A
4
13
Q
What does the agnomen Publicola mean?
A
“friend of the people”
14
Q
What occurred in 494 BC?
A
the First Secession of the Plebs
15
Q
How many secessions of the Plebs occur throughout Roman history?
A
5
16
Q
Where did the Plebs succeed to and threaten to build a new town?
A
the Mons Sacer (Aventine Hill)
17
Q
Who convinced the plebs to return form succession?
A
Menenius Agrippa
18
Q
What created the office of tribune for the plebs?
A
the Lex Sacrata
19
Q
What battle occurred in 496 BC?
A
Lake Regillus
20
Q
Who was involved in the Battle of Lake Regillus?
A
Romans vs. Latin League + Tarquinius Superbus
21
Q
According to legend, who led the Romans in the Battle of Lake Regillus?
A
the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux
22
Q
Who was the Roman commander at Lake Regillus?
A
Aulus Postumius Albinus
23
Q
Who was the first dictator?
A
Aulus Postumius Albinus
24
What battle occurred in 458 BC?
Battle of Mt. Algidus
25
Who was involved in the Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Romans vs. Aequi
26
Who led the relief effort to rescue a trapped army at Mt. Algidus?
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
27
Whose army was trapped during the Battle of Mt. Algidus?
Minucius'
28
What happened during 493 BC?
Coriolanus took the Volscian town of Corioli
29
How did Gaius Mucius Coriolanus earn his cognomen?
by taking the Volscian town of Corioli (493 BC)
30
Who convinced Coriolanus not to attack Rome with the Volscians he had earlier defeated?
his wife Volumnia and his mother Veturia
31
What were established in 451-450 BC?
Laws of the Twelve Tables
32
Who completed the twelve tables?
the Decemviri
33
What event was the completion of the twelve tables associated with?
the second secession of the plebs
34
Who was the chief of the Decemviri?
Appius Claudius Crassus
35
What caused Appius Claudius' death?
his lust for Verginia
36
What was made in 445 BC?
Lex Canuleia
37
What did the Lex Canuleia do?
allowed for the intermarriage between the plebeians and the patricians
38
Who proposed the Lex Canuleia?
Gaius Canuleius
39
Who was responsible for capturing the Etruscan city of Veii in 396 BC after a ten year siege?
Marcus Furius Camillus
40
What two things were Camillus proclaimed to be after his events with Brennus?
"Pater Patriae" and "Second Founder of Rome"
41
What occurred in 390 BC?
Battle of Allia River
42
Who led the Gauls against Rome at Allia River?
the Senonian chieftain Brennus
43
Where was the only place in Rome Brennus did not capture?
The Capitoline Hill
44
Who was woken by the sacred geese of Juno and rallied the Romans on the Capitoline?
Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
45
What did Brennus famously say after conquering Rome and what does it mean?
"Vae Victis"- Woe to the Conquered
46
What was formed in 367 BC?
Lex Licinia-Sextia
47
Who passed the Lex Licinia-Sextia?
tribunes Licinius and Lucius Sextius
48
What does the Lex Licinia-Sextia do?
it makes it so one of the two consuls can be a plebeian
49
Who was the first plebeian consul in 366 BC?
Lucius Sextius
50
Who was the first plebeian dictator?
Gaius Marcius Rutilus
51
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian dictator?
356 BC
52
Who was Rome's first plebeian censor?
Gaius Marcius Rutilus
53
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian censor?
351 BC
54
Who was the first plebeian praetor?
Publilius Philo
55
In what year did Rome have its first plebeian praetor?
337 BC
56
What were the years of the Great Latin War?
340-338 BC
57
Who won the Battle of Vesuvius?
Romans
58
Who lost the Battle of Vesuvius?
the Latins
59
What year was the Battle of Vesuvius?
340 BC
60
Who were the Roman leaders at the Battle of Vesuvius?
Publius Decius Mus and Titus Manlius Torquatus
61
What did Decius Mus famously do to help the Roman army at the Battle of Vesuvius?
devotio (sacrificed himself)
62
What town did Rome capture in 340 BC?
Antium
63
What did the Romans take from Antium?
rostra (prows of enemy ships)
64
What did the Romans do with the rostra from Antium?
attached them to the speakers platform in the Forum
65
What war took place during 343-341 BC?
First Samnite War
66
What land regions were the First Samnite War centered around?
the city of Capua and the land of Campania
67
What were the years of the First Samnite War?
343-341 BC
68
What war took place from 326-304 BC?
Second Samnite War
69
What battle occurred in 321 BC?
Claudine Forks
70
Who was the Samnite chieftain at Caudine Forks?
Gavius Pontius
71
Who were the Roman leaders at Caudine Forks?
Titus Veturius and Spurius Postumius Albinus
72
What happens to the Romans at Caudine Forks?
They are trapped under a mountain pass and forced to pass under a yoke
73
What year did Caudine Forks take place?
321 BC?
74
What battle took place in 315 BC?
Lautulae
75
What are the years of the Third Samnite War?
298-290 BC
76
What battle occurs in 295 BC?
Battle of Sentinum
77
Who were the Roman leaders at Sentinum?
Publius Decius Mus and Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus
78
Who was the Samnite leader at Sentinum?
Gellius Egnatius
79
Who sacrifices himself in an act of devotio?
Publius Decius Mus
80
Where was King Pyrrhus from?
Epirus
81
What city brought in King Pyrrhus to help them fight the Romans in the Pyrrhic War?
Tarentum
82
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Battle of Heraclea
83
What battle took place in 279 BC?
Battle of Asculum
84
What did the battles between Pyrrhus and Rome become known as?
Pyrrhic victories
85
What are "pyrrhic victories"?
Victories that cost so much to win it is no longer worth it
86
What battle takes place in 275 BC?
Battle of Beneventum
87
Who was the Roman leader at the Battle of Beneventum?
Curius Dentatus
88
In what year did Tarentum surrender for good?
272 BC
89
How did Pyrrhus die?
in a street fight when a woman throws a roof tile on his head
90
Where did Pyrrhus die?
Argos in Greece
91
In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place?
275 BC
92
What law was made in 287 BC?
Lex Hortensia
93
Where did the fifth and final secession of the plebs take place?
Janiculum Hill
94
Who passed the Lex Hortensia?
the dictator Quintus Hortensius
95
What did the Lex Hortensia do?
made all resolutions passed by the plebeians binding on all citizens
96
When was the Lex Hortensia passed?
287 BC
97
What were the years of the First Punic War?
264-241 BC
98
Who was being attacked to start the First Punic War?
the Mamertines from Messana
99
Who was attacking the Mamertines to start the First Punic War?
Hiero (II) of Syracuse
100
Who did the Mamertines ask for help to fight the Syracusans?
Carthage
101
Who did the Mamertines ask for help to fight the Carthaginians?
Rome
102
What battle took place in 260 BC?
Battle of Mylae
103
Who lead the Romans at Mylae?
Gaius Duilius
104
Where was Rome's first naval victory?
Battle of Mylae
105
What was made in Duilius' honor?
A column in the Forum
106
In what year did the Battle of Mylae take place?
260 BC
107
What battle took place in 256 BC?
The Battle of Cape Ecnomus
108
Who was the Roman commander at the Battle of Cape Ecnomus?
Atilius Regulus
109
Who lost the Battle of Cape Ecnomus?
the Carthaginians
110
What battle took place in 255 BC?
Battle of Bagradas Valley
111
Who were the Romans defeated by at Bagradas Valley?
Xanthippus, the Spartan mercenary
112
Why did Regulus return to Rome by the Carthaginians?
to convince Rome to surrender
113
What did Regulus tell the Romans to do when he came back to Rome from Carthage?
fight on
114
Where does Regulus die?
he is brutally killed when returns to Carthage from Rome
115
What battle took place in 249 BC?
Battle of Drepana
116
Who is the consul who supposedly doomed the Romans at the Battle of Drepana?
Publius Claudius Pulcher
117
What did Claudius Pulcher do that was a bad omen?
throw the sacred chickens into the ocean (because they wouldn't eat)
118
Who is the victorious Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Drepana?
Hamilcar
119
What battle takes place in 241 BC?
Battle of Aegates Island
120
Who led the Romans at the Battle of Aegates island?
Lutatius Catulus
121
Who led the Carthaginians at the Battle of Aegates Islands?
Hanno the Great
122
What battle ended the First Punic War?
Battle of Aegates Islands
123
What was Rome's first province?
Sicily
124
What province did Rome gain control of at the end of the First Punic War?
Sicily
125
What provinces does Rome take after the First Punic War while Carthage has an internal fight?
Sardinia and Corsica
126
Where does Carthage get the silver to pay Rome did the huge war debt they owed?
the Iberian Peninsula
127
What are the years of the Second Punic War?
218-202 BC
128
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
129
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
130
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won't go north of the Ebro River in Spain
131
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
132
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
133
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
134
What battles took place in 218 BC?
Battle of Ticinus River and Battle of Trebia River
135
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
136
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
137
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
138
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio's life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
139
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
140
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
141
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
142
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
143
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
144
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
145
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
146
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
147
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
148
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
149
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
150
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
151
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen "cunctator"?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
152
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the "shield of Rome"
153
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
154
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
155
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
156
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
157
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
158
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
159
What city was recaptured in 211 BC?
Syracuse
160
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
161
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
162
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
163
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the "sword of Rome"
164
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
165
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
166
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
167
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
168
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
169
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
170
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
171
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
172
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
173
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
174
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
175
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
176
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
177
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
178
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
179
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
180
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
181
Who were the Roman commanders at Zama?
Scipio Africanus and Masinissa
182
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Zama?
Hannibal
183
Who lost at Zama?
Carthage
184
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
185
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
186
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
187
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
188
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
189
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
"Carthago delenda est." (Carthage must be destroyed)
190
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
191
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
192
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
193
What is Viriathus called?
the "first national hero of Portugal"
194
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
195
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
196
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
197
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
198
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
199
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
200
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
201
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
202
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
203
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
204
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
205
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
206
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
207
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
208
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
209
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
210
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
211
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
212
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
213
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
214
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
215
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
216
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
217
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
218
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
219
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
220
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
221
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
222
Who was the Roman leader during the Fourth Macedonian War?
(Quintus Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus
223
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
224
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
225
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
226
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
227
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
228
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
229
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
230
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
231
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
232
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
233
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
234
What did Cornelia call her sons?
"Gemae" (her jewels)
235
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
236
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to push?
land law
237
What did Tiberius Gracchus' land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
238
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus' land law?
Marcus Octavius
239
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
240
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
241
What was Scipio Nasica's relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
242
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
243
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
244
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
245
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
246
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
247
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
248
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
249
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
250
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
251
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
252
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
253
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he's not the only one but one of the most famous)
254
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
255
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
256
When was Marius' first consulship?
107 BC
257
When was Marius' last consulship?
86 BC
258
Who died in 118 BC, causing a division in his kingdom?
Micipsa, King of Numidia
259
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa's sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
260
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix"
261
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
262
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
263
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
264
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
265
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
266
Who were the Roman commanders at Arausio?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
267
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio?
the Cimbri and Teutones
268
What battle took place in 102 BC?
Battle of Aquae Sextiae
269
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
270
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
271
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
272
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
273
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
274
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
275
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
276
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
277
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
278
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
279
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
280
What are two other names for the Social War?
the Italian War or the Marsic War
281
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
282
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
283
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
284
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
285
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
286
What did the Lex Plautia Papiria do?
citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled can now gain Roman citizenship
287
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
288
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
289
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
290
What is Mithridates' massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
291
Who had been chosen by the senate to fight Mithridates?
Sulla
292
Who transferred command against Mithridates from Sulla to Marius?
the tribune Sulpicius Rufus
293
What was the result of Sulla's command transferring to Marius?
Sulla's first march on Rome
294
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
295
What was Sulla's most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
296
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
297
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
298
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
299
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
300
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
301
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
302
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
303
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
304
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
305
What battle took place in 82 BC?
Battle of Colline Gate
306
What did the Battle of Colline Gate do?
solidify Sulla's control of Rome
307
Which of Marian's proconsuls of Hispania held out against Sulla's forces until 72 BC?
Sertorius
308
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
309
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
310
What was Sulla's list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla's prescriptions
311
What did Sulla's second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
312
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
313
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
314
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
War with Spartacus
315
Who started a slave revolt in 73 BC?
the Thracian slave Spartacus
316
Where did Spartacus start a slave revolt?
Capua
317
Who eventually subdued Spartacus' revolt?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
318
Where was the slave revolt subdued?
Apulia
319
In what two years are Pompey and Crassus consuls?
70 BC and 55 BC
320
What law was passed in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
321
Who passed the Lex Gabinia?
the tribune Aulus Gabinius
322
What did the Lex Gabinia do?
gave Pompey command against the pirates in the Mediterranean
323
How long did it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean of pirates and in what year?
3 months in 66 BC
324
What war took place from 73-63 BC?
Third Mithridatic War
325
Who had command against Mithridates for the first part of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
326
What battle took place in 69 BC?
Battle of Tigranocerta
327
What Armenian king did Lucullus defeat at the Battle of Tigranocerta?
Tigranes the Great
328
What law was passed in 66 BC?
Lex Manilia
329
Who passed the Lex Manilia?
the tribune Gaius Manlius
330
What did the Lex Manilia do?
transferred command against Mithridates from Lucullus to Pompey
331
What battle took place in 66 BC?
Battle of Nicopolis
332
What happens at the Battle of Nicopolis?
Pompey decisively defeats Mithridates
333
How does Mithridates die?
suicide
334
Where does Mithridates die?
Panticapaeum
335
When does Mithridates die?
63 BC
336
What conflict occurs in Rome in 63 BC?
Conspiracy of Catiline
337
Who tried to overthrow the Republic in 63 BC?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
338
What did Catilina have passed against him?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
339
Who is most responsible for Catiline's fall?
Cicero
340
What is Cicero rewarded for his speeches against Catiline?
"Pater Patriae"
341
What year does the First Triumvirate form?
69 BC
342
What was the First Triumvirate?
a powerful political alliance
343
Who was the First Triumvirate between?
Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey the Great
344
How was the First Triumvirate cemented?
when Caesar's daughter Julia married Pompey
345
What did Pompey get from the First Triumvirate?
land for his veterans
346
When was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
347
When was Julius Caesar quaestor?
69 BC
348
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
349
When was Julius Caesar consul?
59 BC
350
Who was Julius Caesar consul with?
Marcus Bibulus
351
What did Julius Caesar receive from the First Triumvirate?
a five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul
352
What did Julius Caesar's five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul allow him to do?
wage his Gallic Wars
353
How was Marcus Tullius Cicero exiled?
Clodius Pulcher (a tribune under Caesar) passed a law against him
354
How was Clodius Pulcher killed?
in a gang fight against his rival, Milo
355
When was Clodius Pulcher killed?
53 BC
356
What war lasted from 58-51 BC?
Caesar's Gallic Wars
357
When did Caesar cross into Britannia?
55 and 54 BC
358
Who was Caesar's most important enemy during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix of the Arveni
359
Who defeated Caesar's forces during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix
360
Where was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
Gergovia
361
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
362
Where did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
Battle of Alesia
363
When did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
52 BC
364
Where did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet?
Luca
365
When did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet at Luca?
56 BC
366
What happens at the triumvirs' meeting at Luca?
Caesar's command is extended for 5 more years
367
When do Crassus and Pompey hold the consulship for the second time?
55 BC
368
When does Julius Caesar's daughter, Julia, die?
54 BC
369
Who did Crassus campaign against in the final years of his life?
Parthians
370
Where and when does Crassus die?
Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC
371
What war takes place from 49-45 BC?
Civil War of Caesar
372
What act of Caesar ignited the civil war?
crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC
373
What does Julius Caesar say when passing the Rubicon?
"Alea iacta est"- the die is cast
374
What battle took place in 49 BC?
Battle of Ilerda
375
What happened at the Battle of Ilerda?
Caesar marches to Spain and defeats Pompey's commanders
376
What battle occurs in 48 BC?
Battle of Dyrrachium
377
Who defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrachium?
Pompey
378
What battle decides the result of the Civil War in 48 BC?
Battle of Pharsalus
379
What happens at Pharsalus?
Caesar decisively defeats Pompey
380
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
381
Who kills Pompey?
the orders of Ptolemy XIII
382
What battle takes place in 47 BC?
Battle of Zela
383
Who does Caesar defeat at Zela?
Pharnaces (II), son of Mithridates VI of Pontus
384
What battle takes place in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
385
Who were the forces of Pompey led by at Thapsus?
Metellus Scipio and the African Juba I
386
Who commits suicide after Thapsus?
Cato the Younger
387
Where does Cato the Younger commit suicide?
Utica
388
What is Cato the Younger called after committing suicide?
Cato Uticensis
389
What battle took place in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
390
What former lieutenant does Caesar defeat?
Titus Labienus
391
Which of Pompey's family members are later defeated by Julius Caesar?
Pompey's sons
392
In what years was Caesar a dictator?
49, 48, and 46 BC
393
When was Caesar elected dictator for life?
44 BC
394
What temple did Caesar build?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
395
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
396
Who put his own face on coins?
Julius Caesar
397
Who was Julius Caesar planning a campaign against before his assassination?
Parthians
398
What title did Julius Caesar receive at one point?
Pater Patriae
399
Who led the conspiracy against the life of Julius Caesar?
Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
400
How was Caesar killed?
stabbed to death by senators
401
Where was Caesar killed?
at the foot of the statue of Pompey
402
On what day was Julius Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC
403
What is Caesar said to have muttered while dying?
"Et tu, Brute?" "And you, Brutus?" or in Greek, "Kai su, teknon?"
404
Who was named the sole heir of Julius Caesar?
Gaius Octavius (future Augustus)
405
What was Julius Caesar's relationship to Octavius?
Octavius was his grand-nephew (and adopted son)
406
When was the Second Triumvirate formed?
43 BC
407
Who formed the Second Triumvirate?
Gaius Octavius, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony (Marcus Antoninus)
408
Who married Mark Antony?
Octavia (sister of Octavius)
409
Where is Cicero killed?
Formiae
410
What legalized the Second Triumvirate?
Lex Titia
411
What battle took place in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
412
Who were the winners at Philippi?
Octavian and Mark Antony
413
Who were the losers at Philippi?
Brutus and Cassius
414
How did Brutus and Cassius die?
they kill themselves
415
What treaty is formed in 49 BC?
Treaty of Brundisium
416
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
417
What did Antony get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the east empire
418
What did Lepidus get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
Hispania and Africa
419
What battle occurred in 36 BC?
Battle of Naulochus
420
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
421
Who was the winner at Naulochus?
Marcus Agrippa, famous general of Octavian
422
Who was the loser at Naulochus?
Sextus Pompeius (son of Pompey)
423
Where did the Battle of Naulochus take place?
off of Sicily
424
Why did Marcus Agrippa go to battle against Sextus Pompeius?
Sextus had been preventing the grain supply on Sicily from reaching Rome
425
Who does Mark Antony have an open affair with?
Cleopatra VII of Egypt
426
What does Augustus use to make Antony look bad?
propaganda
427
What battle took place in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
428
Who were the winners at Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa
429
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
430
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra die?
suicide
431
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
432
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
433
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won't go north of the Ebro River in Spain
434
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
435
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
436
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
437
What battles took place in 218 BC?
Battle of Ticinus River and Battle of Trebia River
438
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
439
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
440
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
441
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio's life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
442
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
443
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
444
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
445
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
446
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
447
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
448
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
449
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
450
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
451
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
452
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
453
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
454
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen "cunctator"?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
455
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the "shield of Rome"
456
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
457
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
458
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
459
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
460
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
461
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
462
What city was recaptured in 211 BC?
Syracuse
463
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
464
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
465
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
466
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the "sword of Rome"
467
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
468
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
469
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
470
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
471
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
472
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
473
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
474
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
475
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
476
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
477
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
478
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
479
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
480
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
481
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
482
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
483
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
484
Who were the Roman commanders at Zama?
Scipio Africanus and Masinissa
485
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Zama?
Hannibal
486
Who lost at Zama?
Carthage
487
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
488
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
489
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
490
What is Cato the Younger called after committing suicide?
Cato Uticensis
491
What battle took place in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
492
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra die?
suicide
493
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
494
Who were the winners at Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa
495
What battle took place in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
496
What does Augustus use to make Antony look bad?
propaganda
497
Who does Mark Antony have an open affair with?
Cleopatra VII of Egypt
498
Why did Marcus Agrippa go to battle against Sextus Pompeius?
Sextus had been preventing the grain supply on Sicily from reaching Rome
499
Where did the Battle of Naulochus take place?
off of Sicily
500
Who was the loser at Naulochus?
Sextus Pompeius (son of Pompey)
501
Who was the winner at Naulochus?
Marcus Agrippa, famous general of Octavian
502
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
503
What battle occurred in 36 BC?
Battle of Naulochus
504
What did Lepidus get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
Hispania and Africa
505
What did Antony get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the east empire
506
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
507
What treaty is formed in 49 BC?
Treaty of Brundisium
508
How did Brutus and Cassius die?
they kill themselves
509
Who were the losers at Philippi?
Brutus and Cassius
510
Who were the winners at Philippi?
Octavian and Mark Antony
511
What battle took place in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
512
What legalized the Second Triumvirate?
Lex Titia
513
Where is Cicero killed?
Formiae
514
Who married Mark Antony?
Octavia (sister of Octavius)
515
Who formed the Second Triumvirate?
Gaius Octavius, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony (Marcus Antoninus)
516
When was the Second Triumvirate formed?
43 BC
517
What was Julius Caesar's relationship to Octavius?
Octavius was his grand-nephew (and adopted son)
518
Who was named the sole heir of Julius Caesar?
Gaius Octavius (future Augustus)
519
What is Caesar said to have muttered while dying?
"Et tu, Brute?" "And you, Brutus?" or in Greek, "Kai su, teknon?"
520
On what day was Julius Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC
521
Where was Caesar killed?
at the foot of the statue of Pompey
522
How was Caesar killed?
stabbed to death by senators
523
Who led the conspiracy against the life of Julius Caesar?
Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
524
What title did Julius Caesar receive at one point?
Pater Patriae
525
Who was Julius Caesar planning a campaign against before his assassination?
Parthians
526
Who put his own face on coins?
Julius Caesar
527
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
528
What temple did Caesar build?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
529
When was Caesar elected dictator for life?
44 BC
530
In what years was Caesar a dictator?
49, 48, and 46 BC
531
Which of Pompey's family members are later defeated by Julius Caesar?
Pompey's sons
532
What former lieutenant does Caesar defeat?
Titus Labienus
533
Where does Cato the Younger commit suicide?
Utica
534
Who commits suicide after Thapsus?
Cato the Younger
535
Who were the forces of Pompey led by at Thapsus?
Metellus Scipio and the African Juba I
536
What battle takes place in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
537
Who does Caesar defeat at Zela?
Pharnaces (II), son of Mithridates VI of Pontus
538
What battle takes place in 47 BC?
Battle of Zela
539
Who kills Pompey?
the orders of Ptolemy XIII
540
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
541
What happens at Pharsalus?
Caesar decisively defeats Pompey
542
What battle decides the result of the Civil War in 48 BC?
Battle of Pharsalus
543
Who defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrachium?
Pompey
544
What battle occurs in 48 BC?
Battle of Dyrrachium
545
What happened at the Battle of Ilerda?
Caesar marches to Spain and defeats Pompey's commanders
546
What battle took place in 49 BC?
Battle of Ilerda
547
What does Julius Caesar say when passing the Rubicon?
"Alea iacta est"- the die is cast
548
What act of Caesar ignited the civil war?
crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC
549
What war takes place from 49-45 BC?
Civil War of Caesar
550
Where and when does Crassus die?
Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC
551
Who did Crassus campaign against in the final years of his life?
Parthians
552
When does Julius Caesar's daughter, Julia, die?
54 BC
553
When do Crassus and Pompey hold the consulship for the second time?
55 BC
554
What happens at the triumvirs' meeting at Luca?
Caesar's command is extended for 5 more years
555
When did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet at Luca?
56 BC
556
Where did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet?
Luca
557
When did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
52 BC
558
Where did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
Battle of Alesia
559
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
560
Where was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
Gergovia
561
Who defeated Caesar's forces during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix
562
Who was Caesar's most important enemy during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix of the Arveni
563
When did Caesar cross into Britannia?
55 and 54 BC
564
What war lasted from 58-51 BC?
Caesar's Gallic Wars
565
When was Clodius Pulcher killed?
53 BC
566
How was Clodius Pulcher killed?
in a gang fight against his rival, Milo
567
How was Marcus Tullius Cicero exiled?
Clodius Pulcher (a tribune under Caesar) passed a law against him
568
What did Julius Caesar's five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul allow him to do?
wage his Gallic Wars
569
What did Julius Caesar receive from the First Triumvirate?
a five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul
570
Who was Julius Caesar consul with?
Marcus Bibulus
571
When was Julius Caesar consul?
59 BC
572
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
573
When was Julius Caesar quaestor?
69 BC
574
When was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
575
What did Pompey get from the First Triumvirate?
land for his veterans
576
How was the First Triumvirate cemented?
when Caesar's daughter Julia married Pompey
577
Who was the First Triumvirate between?
Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey the Great
578
What was the First Triumvirate?
a powerful political alliance
579
What year does the First Triumvirate form?
69 BC
580
What is Cicero rewarded for his speeches against Catiline?
"Pater Patriae"
581
Who is most responsible for Catiline's fall?
Cicero
582
What did Catilina have passed against him?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
583
Who tried to overthrow the Republic in 63 BC?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
584
What conflict occurs in Rome in 63 BC?
Conspiracy of Catiline
585
When does Mithridates die?
63 BC
586
Where does Mithridates die?
Panticapaeum
587
How does Mithridates die?
suicide
588
What happens at the Battle of Nicopolis?
Pompey decisively defeats Mithridates
589
What battle took place in 66 BC?
Battle of Nicopolis
590
What did the Lex Manilia do?
transferred command against Mithridates from Lucullus to Pompey
591
Who passed the Lex Manilia?
the tribune Gaius Manlius
592
What law was passed in 66 BC?
Lex Manilia
593
What Armenian king did Lucullus defeat at the Battle of Tigranocerta?
Tigranes the Great
594
What battle took place in 69 BC?
Battle of Tigranocerta
595
Who had command against Mithridates for the first part of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
596
What war took place from 73-63 BC?
Third Mithridatic War
597
How long did it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean of pirates and in what year?
3 months in 66 BC
598
What did the Lex Gabinia do?
gave Pompey command against the pirates in the Mediterranean
599
Who passed the Lex Gabinia?
the tribune Aulus Gabinius
600
What law was passed in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
601
In what two years are Pompey and Crassus consuls?
70 BC and 55 BC
602
Where was the slave revolt subdued?
Apulia
603
Who eventually subdued Spartacus' revolt?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
604
Where did Spartacus start a slave revolt?
Capua
605
Who started a slave revolt in 73 BC?
the Thracian slave Spartacus
606
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
War with Spartacus
607
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
608
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
609
What did Sulla's second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
610
What was Sulla's list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla's prescriptions
611
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
612
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
613
Which of Marian's proconsuls of Hispania held out against Sulla's forces until 72 BC?
Sertorius
614
What did the Battle of Colline Gate do?
solidify Sulla's control of Rome
615
What battle took place in 82 BC?
Battle of Colline Gate
616
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
617
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
618
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
619
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
620
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
621
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
622
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
623
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
624
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
625
What was Sulla's most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
626
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
627
What was the result of Sulla's command transferring to Marius?
Sulla's first march on Rome
628
Who transferred command against Mithridates from Sulla to Marius?
the tribune Sulpicius Rufus
629
Who had been chosen by the senate to fight Mithridates?
Sulla
630
What is Mithridates' massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
631
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
632
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
633
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
634
What did the Lex Plautia Papiria do?
citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled can now gain Roman citizenship
635
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
636
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
637
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
638
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
639
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
640
What are two other names for the Social War?
the Italian War or the Marsic War
641
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
642
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
643
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
644
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
645
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
646
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
647
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
648
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
649
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
650
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
651
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
652
What battle took place in 102 BC?
Battle of Aquae Sextiae
653
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio?
the Cimbri and Teutones
654
Who were the Roman commanders at Arausio?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
655
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
656
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
657
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
658
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
659
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
660
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix"
661
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa's sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
662
Who died in 118 BC, causing a division in his kingdom?
Micipsa, King of Numidia
663
When was Marius' last consulship?
86 BC
664
When was Marius' first consulship?
107 BC
665
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
666
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
667
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he's not the only one but one of the most famous)
668
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
669
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
670
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
671
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
672
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
673
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
674
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
675
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
676
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
677
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
678
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
679
What was Scipio Nasica's relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
680
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
681
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
682
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus' land law?
Marcus Octavius
683
What did Tiberius Gracchus' land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
684
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to push?
land law
685
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
686
What did Cornelia call her sons?
"Gemae" (her jewels)
687
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
688
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
689
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
690
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
691
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
692
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
693
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
694
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
695
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
696
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
697
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
698
Who was the Roman leader during the Fourth Macedonian War?
(Quintus Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus
699
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
700
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
701
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
702
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
703
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
704
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
705
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
706
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
707
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
708
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
709
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
710
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
711
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
712
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
713
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
714
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
715
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
716
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
717
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
718
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
719
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
720
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
721
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
722
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
723
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
724
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
725
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
726
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
727
What is Viriathus called?
the "first national hero of Portugal"
728
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
729
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
730
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
731
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
"Carthago delenda est." (Carthage must be destroyed)
732
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
733
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
734
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
735
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
736
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won't go north of the Ebro River in Spain
737
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
738
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
739
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
740
What battles took place in 218 BC?
Battle of Ticinus River and Battle of Trebia River
741
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
742
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
743
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
744
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio's life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
745
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
746
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
747
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
748
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
749
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
750
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
751
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
752
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
753
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
754
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
755
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
756
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
757
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen "cunctator"?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
758
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the "shield of Rome"
759
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
760
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
761
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
762
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
763
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
764
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
765
What city was recaptured in 211 BC?
Syracuse
766
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
767
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
768
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
769
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the "sword of Rome"
770
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
771
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
772
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
773
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
774
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
775
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
776
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
777
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
778
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
779
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
780
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
781
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
782
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
783
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
784
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
785
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
786
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
787
Who were the Roman commanders at Zama?
Scipio Africanus and Masinissa
788
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Zama?
Hannibal
789
Who lost at Zama?
Carthage
790
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
791
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
792
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
793
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
794
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
795
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
"Carthago delenda est." (Carthage must be destroyed)
796
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
797
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
798
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
799
What is Viriathus called?
the "first national hero of Portugal"
800
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
801
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
802
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
803
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
804
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
805
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
806
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
807
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
808
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
809
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
810
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
811
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
812
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
813
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
814
What does Augustus use to make Antony look bad?
propaganda
815
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra die?
suicide
816
Who were the losers at Actium?
Mark Antony and Cleopatra
817
Who were the winners at Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa
818
What battle took place in 31 BC?
Battle of Actium
819
Who does Mark Antony have an open affair with?
Cleopatra VII of Egypt
820
Why did Marcus Agrippa go to battle against Sextus Pompeius?
Sextus had been preventing the grain supply on Sicily from reaching Rome
821
Where did the Battle of Naulochus take place?
off of Sicily
822
Who was the loser at Naulochus?
Sextus Pompeius (son of Pompey)
823
Who was the winner at Naulochus?
Marcus Agrippa, famous general of Octavian
824
What kind of battle was the Battle of Naulochus?
naval
825
What battle occurred in 36 BC?
Battle of Naulochus
826
What did Lepidus get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
Hispania and Africa
827
What did Antony get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the east empire
828
What did Octavian get from the Treaty of Brundisium?
the west empire
829
What treaty is formed in 49 BC?
Treaty of Brundisium
830
How did Brutus and Cassius die?
they kill themselves
831
Who were the losers at Philippi?
Brutus and Cassius
832
Who were the winners at Philippi?
Octavian and Mark Antony
833
What battle took place in 42 BC?
Battle of Philippi
834
What legalized the Second Triumvirate?
Lex Titia
835
Where is Cicero killed?
Formiae
836
Who married Mark Antony?
Octavia (sister of Octavius)
837
Who formed the Second Triumvirate?
Gaius Octavius, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony (Marcus Antoninus)
838
When was the Second Triumvirate formed?
43 BC
839
What was Julius Caesar's relationship to Octavius?
Octavius was his grand-nephew (and adopted son)
840
Who was named the sole heir of Julius Caesar?
Gaius Octavius (future Augustus)
841
What is Caesar said to have muttered while dying?
"Et tu, Brute?" "And you, Brutus?" or in Greek, "Kai su, teknon?"
842
On what day was Julius Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC
843
Where was Caesar killed?
at the foot of the statue of Pompey
844
How was Caesar killed?
stabbed to death by senators
845
Who led the conspiracy against the life of Julius Caesar?
Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus
846
What title did Julius Caesar receive at one point?
Pater Patriae
847
Who was Julius Caesar planning a campaign against before his assassination?
Parthians
848
Who put his own face on coins?
Julius Caesar
849
What did Caesar reform?
the calendar
850
What temple did Caesar build?
Temple of Venus Genetrix
851
When was Caesar elected dictator for life?
44 BC
852
In what years was Caesar a dictator?
49, 48, and 46 BC
853
Which of Pompey's family members are later defeated by Julius Caesar?
Pompey's sons
854
What former lieutenant does Caesar defeat?
Titus Labienus
855
What battle took place in 45 BC?
Battle of Munda
856
What is Cato the Younger called after committing suicide?
Cato Uticensis
857
Where does Cato the Younger commit suicide?
Utica
858
Who commits suicide after Thapsus?
Cato the Younger
859
Who were the forces of Pompey led by at Thapsus?
Metellus Scipio and the African Juba I
860
What battle takes place in 46 BC?
Battle of Thapsus
861
Who does Caesar defeat at Zela?
Pharnaces (II), son of Mithridates VI of Pontus
862
What battle takes place in 47 BC?
Battle of Zela
863
Who kills Pompey?
the orders of Ptolemy XIII
864
Where does Pompey flee after Pharsalus?
Egypt
865
What happens at Pharsalus?
Caesar decisively defeats Pompey
866
What battle decides the result of the Civil War in 48 BC?
Battle of Pharsalus
867
Who defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrachium?
Pompey
868
What battle occurs in 48 BC?
Battle of Dyrrachium
869
What happened at the Battle of Ilerda?
Caesar marches to Spain and defeats Pompey's commanders
870
What battle took place in 49 BC?
Battle of Ilerda
871
What does Julius Caesar say when passing the Rubicon?
"Alea iacta est"- the die is cast
872
What act of Caesar ignited the civil war?
crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC
873
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
874
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
875
What war takes place from 49-45 BC?
Civil War of Caesar
876
Where and when does Crassus die?
Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC
877
Who did Crassus campaign against in the final years of his life?
Parthians
878
When does Julius Caesar's daughter, Julia, die?
54 BC
879
When do Crassus and Pompey hold the consulship for the second time?
55 BC
880
What happens at the triumvirs' meeting at Luca?
Caesar's command is extended for 5 more years
881
When did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet at Luca?
56 BC
882
Where did the three people in the First Triumvirate meet?
Luca
883
When did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
52 BC
884
Where did Caesar defeat Vercingetorix?
Battle of Alesia
885
When was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
52 BC
886
Where was Caesar defeated by Vercingetorix?
Gergovia
887
Who defeated Caesar's forces during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix
888
Who was Caesar's most important enemy during the Gallic Wars?
Vercingetorix of the Arveni
889
When did Caesar cross into Britannia?
55 and 54 BC
890
What war lasted from 58-51 BC?
Caesar's Gallic Wars
891
When was Clodius Pulcher killed?
53 BC
892
How was Clodius Pulcher killed?
in a gang fight against his rival, Milo
893
How was Marcus Tullius Cicero exiled?
Clodius Pulcher (a tribune under Caesar) passed a law against him
894
What did Julius Caesar's five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul allow him to do?
wage his Gallic Wars
895
What did Julius Caesar receive from the First Triumvirate?
a five year governship of Cisalpine Gaul, Illyracium, and later Transalpine Gaul
896
Who was Julius Caesar consul with?
Marcus Bibulus
897
When was Julius Caesar consul?
59 BC
898
When was Julius Caesar pontifex maximus?
63 BC
899
When was Julius Caesar quaestor?
69 BC
900
When was Julius Caesar born?
100 BC
901
What did Pompey get from the First Triumvirate?
land for his veterans
902
How was the First Triumvirate cemented?
when Caesar's daughter Julia married Pompey
903
Who was the First Triumvirate between?
Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey the Great
904
What was the First Triumvirate?
a powerful political alliance
905
What year does the First Triumvirate form?
69 BC
906
What is Cicero rewarded for his speeches against Catiline?
"Pater Patriae"
907
Who is most responsible for Catiline's fall?
Cicero
908
What did Catilina have passed against him?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
909
Who tried to overthrow the Republic in 63 BC?
Lucius Sergius Catilina
910
What conflict occurs in Rome in 63 BC?
Conspiracy of Catiline
911
When does Mithridates die?
63 BC
912
Where does Mithridates die?
Panticapaeum
913
How does Mithridates die?
suicide
914
What happens at the Battle of Nicopolis?
Pompey decisively defeats Mithridates
915
What battle took place in 66 BC?
Battle of Nicopolis
916
What did the Lex Manilia do?
transferred command against Mithridates from Lucullus to Pompey
917
Who passed the Lex Manilia?
the tribune Gaius Manlius
918
What law was passed in 66 BC?
Lex Manilia
919
What Armenian king did Lucullus defeat at the Battle of Tigranocerta?
Tigranes the Great
920
What battle took place in 69 BC?
Battle of Tigranocerta
921
Who had command against Mithridates for the first part of the Third Mithridatic War?
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
922
What war took place from 73-63 BC?
Third Mithridatic War
923
How long did it take Pompey to clear the Mediterranean of pirates and in what year?
3 months in 66 BC
924
What did the Lex Gabinia do?
gave Pompey command against the pirates in the Mediterranean
925
Who passed the Lex Gabinia?
the tribune Aulus Gabinius
926
What law was passed in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
927
In what two years are Pompey and Crassus consuls?
70 BC and 55 BC
928
Where was the slave revolt subdued?
Apulia
929
Who eventually subdued Spartacus' revolt?
Marcus Licinius Crassus
930
Where did Spartacus start a slave revolt?
Capua
931
Who started a slave revolt in 73 BC?
the Thracian slave Spartacus
932
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
War with Spartacus
933
Who was the Second Mithridatic War between?
Licinius Murena vs. Mithridates VI
934
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
935
What did Sulla's second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
936
What was Sulla's list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla's prescriptions
937
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
938
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
939
Which of Marian's proconsuls of Hispania held out against Sulla's forces until 72 BC?
Sertorius
940
What did the Battle of Colline Gate do?
solidify Sulla's control of Rome
941
What battle took place in 82 BC?
Battle of Colline Gate
942
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
943
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
944
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
945
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
946
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
947
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
948
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
949
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
950
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
951
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
952
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
953
What was Sulla's most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
954
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
955
What was the result of Sulla's command transferring to Marius?
Sulla's first march on Rome
956
Who transferred command against Mithridates from Sulla to Marius?
the tribune Sulpicius Rufus
957
Who had been chosen by the senate to fight Mithridates?
Sulla
958
What is Mithridates' massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
959
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
960
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
961
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
962
What did the Lex Plautia Papiria do?
citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled can now gain Roman citizenship
963
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
964
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
965
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
966
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
967
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
968
What are two other names for the Social War?
the Italian War or the Marsic War
969
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
970
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
971
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
972
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
973
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
974
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
975
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
976
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
977
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
978
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
979
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
980
What battle took place in 102 BC?
Battle of Aquae Sextiae
981
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio?
the Cimbri and Teutones
982
Who were the Roman commanders at Arausio?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
983
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
984
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
985
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
986
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
987
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
988
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix"
989
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa's sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
990
Who died in 118 BC, causing a division in his kingdom?
Micipsa, King of Numidia
991
When was Marius' last consulship?
86 BC
992
When was Marius' first consulship?
107 BC
993
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
994
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
995
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he's not the only one but one of the most famous)
996
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
997
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
998
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
999
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
1000
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
1001
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
1002
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
1003
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
1004
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
1005
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
1006
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
1007
What was Scipio Nasica's relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
1008
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
1009
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
1010
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus' land law?
Marcus Octavius
1011
What did Tiberius Gracchus' land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
1012
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to push?
land law
1013
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
1014
What did Cornelia call her sons?
"Gemae" (her jewels)
1015
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
1016
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
1017
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
1018
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
1019
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
1020
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
1021
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
1022
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
1023
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
1024
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
1025
Who was the Roman leader during the Fourth Macedonian War?
(Quintus Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus
1026
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
1027
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
1028
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1029
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
1030
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
1031
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
1032
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
1033
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
1034
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
1035
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
1036
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
1037
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
1038
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
1039
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won't go north of the Ebro River in Spain
1040
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
1041
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
1042
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
1043
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
1044
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
1045
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
1046
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
1047
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
1048
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
1049
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
1050
What was Sulla's most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
1051
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
1052
What was the result of Sulla's command transferring to Marius?
Sulla's first march on Rome
1053
Who transferred command against Mithridates from Sulla to Marius?
the tribune Sulpicius Rufus
1054
Who had been chosen by the senate to fight Mithridates?
Sulla
1055
What is Mithridates' massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
1056
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
1057
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
1058
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
1059
What did the Lex Plautia Papiria do?
citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled can now gain Roman citizenship
1060
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
1061
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
1062
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
1063
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
1064
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
1065
What are two other names for the Social War?
the Italian War or the Marsic War
1066
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
1067
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
1068
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
1069
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
1070
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
1071
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
1072
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
1073
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
1074
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
1075
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
1076
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
1077
What battle took place in 102 BC?
Battle of Aquae Sextiae
1078
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio?
the Cimbri and Teutones
1079
Who were the Roman commanders at Arausio?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
1080
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
1081
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
1082
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
1083
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
1084
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
1085
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix"
1086
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa's sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
1087
Who died in 118 BC, causing a division in his kingdom?
Micipsa, King of Numidia
1088
When was Marius' last consulship?
86 BC
1089
When was Marius' first consulship?
107 BC
1090
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
1091
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
1092
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he's not the only one but one of the most famous)
1093
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
1094
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
1095
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
1096
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
1097
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
1098
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
1099
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
1100
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
1101
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
1102
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
1103
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
1104
What was Scipio Nasica's relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
1105
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
1106
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
1107
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus' land law?
Marcus Octavius
1108
What did Tiberius Gracchus' land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
1109
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to push?
land law
1110
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
1111
What did Cornelia call her sons?
"Gemae" (her jewels)
1112
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
1113
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
1114
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
1115
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
1116
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
1117
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
1118
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
1119
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
1120
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
1121
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
1122
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
1123
Who was the Roman leader during the Fourth Macedonian War?
(Quintus Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus
1124
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
1125
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
1126
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1127
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
1128
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
1129
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
1130
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
1131
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
1132
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
1133
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
1134
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
1135
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
1136
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
1137
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
1138
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
1139
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
1140
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
1141
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
1142
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
1143
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
1144
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
1145
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
1146
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
1147
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
1148
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
1149
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
1150
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
1151
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
1152
What is Viriathus called?
the "first national hero of Portugal"
1153
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
1154
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
1155
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
1156
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
"Carthago delenda est." (Carthage must be destroyed)
1157
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
1158
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
1159
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
1160
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
1161
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
1162
Who lost at Zama?
Carthage
1163
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Zama?
Hannibal
1164
Who were the Roman commanders at Zama?
Scipio Africanus and Masinissa
1165
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
1166
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
1167
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
1168
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
1169
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
1170
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
1171
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
1172
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
1173
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
1174
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
1175
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
1176
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
1177
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
1178
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
1179
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
1180
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
1181
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
1182
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the "sword of Rome"
1183
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
1184
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
1185
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
1186
What city was recaptured in 211 BC?
Syracuse
1187
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
1188
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1189
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1190
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
1191
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
1192
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
1193
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the "shield of Rome"
1194
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen "cunctator"?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
1195
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
1196
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
1197
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
1198
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1199
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
1200
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
1201
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
1202
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
1203
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1204
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
1205
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio's life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
1206
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1207
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
1208
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
1209
What battles took place in 218 BC?
Battle of Ticinus River and Battle of Trebia River
1210
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
1211
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
1212
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
1213
Who did Rome sign a treaty with in 226 BC?
Carthage
1214
What treaty was signed in 226 BC?
Ebro Treaty
1215
What did the Ebro treaty do?
says Carthage won't go north of the Ebro River in Spain
1216
What what year was the Ebro Treaty made?
226 BC
1217
In what year did Hannibal gain control of Spain?
221 BC
1218
What town did Carthage lay siege to in 219 BC, starting the Second Punic War?
Saguntum
1219
What battles took place in 218 BC?
Battle of Ticinus River and Battle of Trebia River
1220
Who is the Roman leader at Ticinus River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio (the Elder)
1221
Who is the Carthaginian leader at Ticinus River?
Hannibal
1222
Who was the winner at Ticinus River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1223
Who saves Publius Cornelius Scipio's life at the Battle of Ticinus River?
his son, the future Africanus
1224
When was the Battle of Ticinus River?
218 BC
1225
Who were the Roman commanders at Trebia River?
Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus
1226
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Trebia River?
Hannibal
1227
Who was the winner at Trebia River?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1228
When was the Battle of Trebia River?
218 BC
1229
What battle took place in 217 BC?
The Battle of Lake Trasimene
1230
Who is the Roman commander at Lake Trasimene?
Gaius Flaminius
1231
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal
1232
Who won the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1233
Where does Gaius Flaminius die?
He dies in the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
1234
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
1235
Who was appointed dictator after the disaster at Trasimene?
Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator
1236
How did Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator earn the agnomen "cunctator"?
for the delaying tactics he used against Hannibal
1237
What is Quintus Fabius Maximus known as?
the "shield of Rome"
1238
What battle took place in 216 BC?
Battle of Cannae
1239
Who were the Roman commanders at Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Tarentius Varro
1240
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Cannae?
Hannibal
1241
Who won the Battle of Cannae?
Hannibal (Carthage)
1242
What Roman commander died at the Battle of Cannae?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1243
What did Tarentius Varro receive when he returned to Rome?
a warm reception despite the disaster
1244
What city was recaptured in 211 BC?
Syracuse
1245
Who recaptured Syracuse in 211 BC?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
1246
What famous scientist was accidentally killed when the Romans rushed Syracuse?
Archimedes
1247
Who received the spolia opima in the Second Punic War?
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
1248
What was Claudius Marcellus known as?
the "sword of Rome"
1249
What battle took place in 207 BC?
Metaurus River
1250
Who were the Roman commanders at Metaurus River?
Gaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator
1251
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Metaurus River?
Hasdrubal Barca
1252
Who won at Metaurus River?
Rome
1253
What happened to Hasdrubal Barca?
he was decapitated and his head was thrown into the Carthaginian camp
1254
When was Metaurus River?
207 BC
1255
What battle took place in 206 BC?
Ilipa
1256
Who is the Roman commander at Ilipa?
Scipio (the future) Africanus
1257
What did Scipio Africanus do at Ilipa?
cut off Iberia from the Carthaginians
1258
What was the result of Ilipa?
Spain was given to Scipio
1259
What battle took place in 203 BC?
Battle of Campi Magni (Great Plains)
1260
Who were the Roman commanders at Campi Magni?
Scipio (the future) Africanus and Gaius Laelius
1261
Who was the Numidian cavalry commander on the Roman side at Campi Magni?
Massinissa
1262
Who was the Numidian commander on the side of the Carthaginians at Ilipa?
Syphax
1263
Who was the Carthaginian commander at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Hasdrubal (son of) Gisgo
1264
Who won at the Battle of Campi Magni?
Rome
1265
What battle took place in 202 BC?
Battle of Zama
1266
Who were the Roman commanders at Zama?
Scipio Africanus and Masinissa
1267
Who was the Carthaginian commander at Zama?
Hannibal
1268
Who lost at Zama?
Carthage
1269
What battle ended the Second Punic War?
Battle of Zama
1270
What were the years of the Third Punic War?
149-146 BC
1271
What city did Rome lay siege to, beginning in 149 BC?
Carthage
1272
When was Carthage stormed?
146 BC
1273
Who stormed Carthage, destroying it?
Scipio Aemilianus
1274
What was Cato the Elder famous for saying?
"Carthago delenda est." (Carthage must be destroyed)
1275
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Africa
1276
Who are the three winners of the spolia opima?
Romulus, Cossus, and Marcellus
1277
What war took place from 73-71 BC?
Second Mithridatic War
1278
What did Sulla's second march on Rome basically accomplish?
remodeled the Republican government
1279
What was Sulla's list of people he wanted killed called?
Sulla's prescriptions
1280
Who assassinated Sertorius?
Marcus Perperna
1281
When was Sertorius assassinated?
72 BC
1282
Which of Marian's proconsuls of Hispania held out against Sulla's forces until 72 BC?
Sertorius
1283
What did the Battle of Colline Gate do?
solidify Sulla's control of Rome
1284
What battle took place in 82 BC?
Battle of Colline Gate
1285
Who was the consul of 82 BC?
Carbo
1286
When did Cinna die?
84 BC
1287
How does Cinna die?
by a mutiny of his own troops
1288
Who were the big leaders in Rome when Sulla was in Greece fighting Mithridates?
Papirius Carbo and Cornelius Cinna
1289
What were the Optimates?
richer traditionalists wishing to limit the power of the popular assemblies and tribunate
1290
What were the Populares?
popular assemblies and tribunate
1291
What was Rome divided by?
the Populares and the Optimates
1292
When was the Treaty of Dardanus finished?
85 BC
1293
What treaty ended the First Mithridatic War?
Treaty of Dardanus
1294
What was Sulla's most famous feat in the First Mithridatic War?
the siege of Athens
1295
What siege took place in 86 BC?
Siege of Athens
1296
What was the result of Sulla's command transferring to Marius?
Sulla's first march on Rome
1297
Who transferred command against Mithridates from Sulla to Marius?
the tribune Sulpicius Rufus
1298
Who had been chosen by the senate to fight Mithridates?
Sulla
1299
What is Mithridates' massacre called and when did it occur?
Asiatic Vespers- 88 BC
1300
What did Mithridates VI do to start the First Mithridatic War?
he took territory in the east and massacred Italian residents there
1301
Who was the First Mithridatic War against?
Mithridates VI of Pontus
1302
What war took place from 89-85 BC?
The First Mithridatic War
1303
What did the Lex Plautia Papiria do?
citizens of Italian communities that had previously rebelled can now gain Roman citizenship
1304
What law was passed in 89 BC?
Lex Plautia Papiria
1305
What did the Lex Iulia do?
Julius Caesar offered Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italy who had not raised arms against Rome in the Social War
1306
What law was passed in 90 BC?
Lex Iulia
1307
What was the Social War fought over?
whether or not the non-Roman Italians should have citizenship
1308
Why was the Social War also known as the Marsic War?
because the Romans were fighting the Marsi
1309
What are two other names for the Social War?
the Italian War or the Marsic War
1310
What war took place from 91-88 BC?
the Social War
1311
What did the Senatus Consultum Ultimum against Saturninus do?
gave Marius the right to stop him
1312
What did the senate pass against Saturninus and why?
a Senatus Consultum Ultimum for mob violence
1313
How many times did Saturninus serve as tribune?
3 times
1314
What enemy of Marius was a tribune killed in 100 BC?
Lucius Appuleius Saturninus
1315
What war was ended by the Battle of Vercellae?
War with Cimbri and Teutons
1316
Who was defeated at Vercellae?
the Cimbri
1317
Who were the Roman commanders at Vercellae?
Gaius Marius and Lutatius Catullus
1318
What battle took place in 101 BC?
Battle of Vercellae
1319
Who was defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae?
Teutones
1320
Who was the Roman commander at Aquae Sextiae?
Gaius Marius
1321
What battle took place in 102 BC?
Battle of Aquae Sextiae
1322
Who defeated the Romans at Arausio?
the Cimbri and Teutones
1323
Who were the Roman commanders at Arausio?
Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus
1324
What battle took place in 105 BC?
Battle of Arausio
1325
When was Jugurtha killed?
104 BC
1326
Where was Jugurtha killed?
Tullianum
1327
How did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
Sulla convinced the Mauritanian ruler Bocchus I to betray Jugurtha to the Romans
1328
When did Marius and Sulla beat Jugurtha?
105 BC
1329
Who finally defeated Jugurtha?
Marius and his quaestor Lucius Cornelius Sulla "Felix"
1330
Who was the kingdom of Numidia divided between when its king died?
between Micipsa's sons Hiempsal and Adherbal and his step-son (and nephew) Jugurtha
1331
Who died in 118 BC, causing a division in his kingdom?
Micipsa, King of Numidia
1332
When was Marius' last consulship?
86 BC
1333
When was Marius' first consulship?
107 BC
1334
How many consecutive consulship a did Marius hold?
5
1335
What consul reformed the Roman army in 1st century BC?
Marius
1336
What was Marius known as?
a novus homo (he's not the only one but one of the most famous)
1337
Where was Marius from?
Arpinum
1338
Who did Rome fight with from 146-140 BC?
Lusitanian chieftain, Viriathus
1339
Who held the consulship seven times?
Gaius Marius
1340
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
Attalus III
1341
When was Pergamum given to Rome?
133 BC
1342
What became the Roman province of Asia?
Pergamum
1343
How did Gaius Gracchus did?
suicide
1344
Where did Gaius Gracchus flee to?
the grove of Furina on Janiculum
1345
What did the senate pass that gave Opimius the power to stop Gaius at all costs?
Senatus Consultum Ultimum
1346
Which political enemy of Gaius was elected consul in 121 BC?
Lucius Opimius
1347
Who was elected tribune in 123 and 122?
Gaius Gracchus
1348
How did Tiberius Gracchus convince the senate to revolt against Tiberius?
said Tiberius was trying to become king
1349
What was Scipio Nasica's relation to Tiberius Gracchus?
they were cousins
1350
In what year was there a revolt against Tiberius Gracchus?
133 BC
1351
Who lead the senate in a revolt to kill Tiberius Gracchus?
Scipio Nasica
1352
What tribune vetoed Tiberius Gracchus' land law?
Marcus Octavius
1353
What did Tiberius Gracchus' land law do?
reinstate that no citizen should be able to hold over 500 iugera of land
1354
What law did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to push?
land law
1355
Who was elected tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
1356
What did Cornelia call her sons?
"Gemae" (her jewels)
1357
Who were the sons of Cornelia?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
1358
Who was the daughter of Scipio Africanus?
Cornelia
1359
What becomes a Roman province in 146 BC?
Achaea
1360
What battle marks the end of the Roman-Greek conflict?
Battle of Corinth
1361
What city was destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC?
Corinth
1362
Who was defeated at the Battle of Corinth?
Achaean League?
1363
Who is the Roman leader at the Battle of Corinth?
Lucius Mummius
1364
What battle takes place in 146 BC?
Battle of Corinth
1365
When does Macedonia become a province?
148 BC
1366
Who was Andriscus?
a pretender to the throne of Macedon
1367
Who was defeated in the Fourth Macedonian War?
Andriscus
1368
Who was the Roman leader during the Fourth Macedonian War?
(Quintus Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus
1369
What was took place from 150-148 BC?
Fourth Macedonian War
1370
Who was defeated at the Battle of Pydna?
King Perseus of Macedon
1371
Who was the Roman leader at Pydna?
Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1372
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
1373
What is Viriathus called?
the "first national hero of Portugal"
1374
What war took place from 171-168 BC?
Third Macedonian War
1375
What treaty ends the Seleucid War?
Treaty of Apamea
1376
Who did the Romans defeat at the Battle of Magnesia?
Antiochus III
1377
Who were the Roman commanders at Magnesia?
Scipio Africanus and brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiastucus
1378
What battle took place in 190/189 BC?
Battle of Magnesia
1379
Who did Glabrio defeat at Thermopylae?
Antiochus III
1380
Who was the Roman commander at Thermopylae?
(Manius Acilius) Glabrio
1381
What battle took place in 191 BC?
Battle of Thermopylae
1382
Who did Antiochus III ally with during the Seleucid War?
the Aetolian League and Hannibal
1383
Who did Rome make war with in 192 BC?
Antiochus III of the Selecuid Empire
1384
What war took place from 192-188 BC?
Seleucid War
1385
What did the Battle of Cynoscephalae show?
the superiority of the Legion over the Phallanx
1386
Where did Flamininus declare peace and freedom for Greece?
the Isthmian games of 196 BC
1387
Who declared peace and freedom for Greece in 196 BC?
Flamininus
1388
Who was the Macedonian leader at Cynoscephalae?
Phillip V
1389
Who was the Roman commander at Cynoscephalae?
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
1390
What battle took place in 197 BC?
Battle of Cynoscephalae
1391
What war took place from 200-196 BC?
Second Macedonian War
1392
Who lead Illyria in the Second Illyrian War?
Demretrius of Pharos
1393
What war took place from 220-219 BC?
Second Illyrian War
1394
Who was the leader of the Illyrian pirates during the first Illyrian War?
Queen Teuta
1395
What war took place from 229-228 BC?
First Illyrian War
1396
Who captured the Celtiberian city of Numantia?
Scipio Aemilianus
1397
What siege took place in 133 BC?
the siege of Numantia
