Repuduction

Question 1

Compare asexual and sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring - Sexual reproduction involves two parents merging gametes, leading to genetically diverse offspring

Question 2

Define a gamete

Answer 2

A gamete is a reproductive cell that carries half the genetic information of an organism, typically involving sperm in males and eggs in females, and is involved in sexual reproduction.

Question 3

Explain the purpose of meiosis

Answer 3

The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell, ensuring genetic diversity through recombination and reducing the chromosome number for sexual reproduction.

Question 4

Identify the position and function of reproductive structures in a flowering plant

Answer 4

In flowering plants, reproductive structures are found in the flower. The stamens (male parts) produce pollen, while the pistil (female part) contains the ovary, which holds the eggs. Pollination leads to fertilization in the ovary.

Question 5

Explain the formation of a seed in a flowering plant

Answer 5

A seed forms in a flowering plant when pollen from the stamen fertilizes an egg in the ovary of the pistil. This fertilized egg develops into a seed, which contains the embryo and food supply, all surrounded by a protective coat.

Question 6

Identify the position and function of structures in female and male reproductive systems.

Answer 6

In the male reproductive system, the testes produce sperm, and the penis delivers sperm to the female. In the female reproductive system, the ovaries produce eggs, and the uterus supports the developing fetus after fertilization.

Question 7

Recall the secondary sexual characteristics shown in males and females as a result of puberty

Answer 7

In males, secondary sexual characteristics include deeper voice, increased muscle mass, and facial hair. In females, they include breast development, wider hips, and menstrual cycles.

Question 8

Define a hormone

Answer 8

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by glands in the body that regulates various functions, such as growth, metabolism, and mood.

Question 9

Recall the roles of oestrogen, progesterone & testosterone

Answer 9

Oestrogen helps with female development and prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Progesterone keeps the uterus ready for pregnancy. Testosterone supports male traits and sperm production.

Question 10

Recall the main stages of the menstrual cycle

Answer 10

Menstrual phase: Shedding of the uterine lining.
Follicular phase: Egg development in the ovaries.
Ovulation: Release of an egg from the ovary.
Luteal phase: Preparation of the uterus for a possible pregnancy.

Question 11

Recall the four major stages of gestational development.

Answer 11

1. Fertilization: The sperm and egg combine to form a zygote.
2. Embryonic Stage: The zygote develops into an embryo, and major organs begin to form.
3. Fetal Stage: The embryo develops into a fetus, growing larger and maturing.
4. Birth: The baby is delivered from the mother’s body.

Question 12

Identify vegetative reproduction techniques in plants

Answer 12

1. Cuttings: Taking a piece of a plant stem or leaf and planting it to grow a new plant.
2. Layering: Bending a stem to the ground and covering part of it with soil so it can root.
3. Division: Splitting a plant into smaller sections, each with roots, to create new plants.
4. Bulbs: Growing new plants from bulbs, like onions or tulips.