Research Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Independent Variable

A

something that is manipulated by the researcher

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2
Q

Variables

A

something that has more than one possible value
- types: independent, dependent, confounding

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3
Q

Dependent Variable

A

something that is affected by change

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4
Q

Confounding Variable

A

a variable that affects research that hasn’t been accounted for in the research

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

an educated guess; a prediction about an outcome

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6
Q

Random

A

having independent and equal chance of selection

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7
Q

Reliability

A

getting the same results consistently

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8
Q

Validity

A

accuracy

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9
Q

If something is not reliable, can it be valid?

A

NO

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10
Q

If something is valid, can it be reliable?

A

YES

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11
Q

Research Designs

A

how experiments are set up
- types: descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental

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12
Q

Descriptive Research Design

A

describes some phenomenon
- types: case studies and qualitative studies

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13
Q

Case Study

A

type of descriptive research design where on unique bounded system is studied
- ex: an individual, a household

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14
Q

Qualitative Study

A

type of descriptive research design that studies description of qualities

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15
Q

Correlational Research Design

A

studying the relationship between two groups
- types: cross-sectional and longitudinal

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16
Q

Cross-Sectional Study

A

type of correlational study that compares people at different points in life
- ex: 10 yo, 20 yo, and 30 yo

17
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

type of correlational study that follows the same group of people over a long period of time

18
Q

Quasi-Experimental

A

research design where the researcher aims to find a causal relationship between two variables without randomization

19
Q

Experimental

A

research design where the researcher has full control of manipulation

20
Q

Research Methods

A

ways to collect data
- types: observations, surveys/questionnaires, exams/tests

21
Q

Observations

A

a type of research method that provides behavior of participants
- disadvantages: misinterpretations, articial behaviors
- types: naturalistic and lab

22
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

researcher goes to the setting of the participant to collect data

23
Q

Lab Observation

A

participants goes to the researcher for data collection

24
Q

Surveys/Questionnaires

A

a type of research method that gets opinions of participants
- disadvantages: limited responses, untruthful
- types: self-administered, interview, focus groups

25
Self-Administered Survey/Questionnaire
individual completes on their own
26
Interview Survey/Questionnaire
researcher is reading questions and recording answers
27
Focus Group Survey/Questionnaire
group interview style where the researcher asks questions and their are multiple participants present to provide answers
28
Exam/Test
a type of research method that is a measurement of the participants knowledge - disadvantages: does not perfectly capture knowledge, test anxiety
29
4 Protections of Participants in Ethics
1. do no harm 2. consent 3. confidentiality 4. data security
30
What event caused an ethical issue for research?
Nuremberg Trials - people has mistreated others - caused the standards for ethics that we have today
31
Describe "do no harm"
do what you can to prevent the individuals from harm
32
Describe "consent"
informed permission; must be aware of the risks
33
Describe "confidentiality"
no one outside of the experimental conditions knows who was in the study and what information they shared
35
Describe "data security"
information shared within research is protected
36
How do accuracy and interpretations impact ethics?
researchers must make sure the information is accurate and interpreted appropriately - must be sure if you're making any type of claim