Research Flashcards
(23 cards)
Assent
Childs affirmative agreement to participate in research
Respect for Persons
individuals right of self determination and the right to make decisions about their medical care. People with diminished autonomy must be provided special protection
Beneficence
researcher must provide for the well being of subjects. Maximize benefits and minimize harm
Justice
fair treatment of subjects. Equitable distribution of burdens and benefits in research
Nominal Scale
classification scale. Values are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Each personal can only be assigned to one category. Qualitative. Ex: blood type, type of arthritis
Ordinal Scale
Ranking scale. Data is ranked on basis of a property of the variable, intervals may not be equal (or known). Ex: MMT, level of assistance, pain
Interval Scale
Intervals are equal, but there is no true zero point. Ex: temperature
Ratio Scale
Intervals are equal and there is a true zero point. Ex: ROM, distance walked, nerve conduction velocity
Face Validity
Degree to which a measurement appears to test what its supposed to
Content Validity
Degree to which a measurement reflects the meaningful elements of a construct and the items in a test adequately reflect the content domain of interest and not extraneous elements
Construct Validity
Degree to which a theoretical construct is measured by a test of measurement.
Criterion Related Validity
Compared to a “gold standard”
Independent Variable
The variable that has caused or influenced the dependent variable. Controlled by researcher.
Dependent Variable
Outcome assumed to be caused by the effect of the independent variable
Alpha Level
Significance level. Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (type 1 error)
Type 1 Error
False positive - wrongly reject null hypothesis (indicates there is a relationship, when there is not).
Type 2 Error
False negative - wrongly don’t reject null (indicates there is no relationship, when there is one)
T Test
Inferential Statistical procedure for estimating a population mean or comparing two means when the population is normally distributed and the population variance is not known.
ANOVA
Analysis of variance - inferential statistical procedure used to test equality of means between two or more populations by analyzing sample variances.
Sensitivity
Percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease.
Specificity
Percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the disease
SpPin
High specificity, positive result: rules in disease
SnNout
High sensitivity, negative result: rules out disease
