Research

Question 1

Can inhibit growth of many microorganisms by washing and scrubbing with soaps and detergents.

Answer 1

Microbial control

Question 2

Process of removing or killing all microorganisms and viruses on or in a product.

Answer 2

Sterilization

Question 3

Ensures complete destruction of all microorganisms, including cells, spores, and viruses.

Answer 3

Sterilization

Question 4

Examples of sterilization

Answer 4

Dry heat
●Autoclaving
●Gas
●Various chemicals
●Certain types of radiation

Question 5

Process that reduces number of potential disease-causing bacteria and viruses on a material until they no longer present a hazard

Answer 5

Disinfection

Question 6

These terms mean the same as disinfection

Answer 6

Decontamination and sanitation

Question 7

A chemical used to disinfect inanimate objects.

Answer 7

Disinfectant

Question 8

●Method of disinfecting liquids.

Answer 8

Pasteurization

Question 9

●Heat liquids to a certain temperature.

Answer 9

Pasteurization

Question 10

●Does not totally destroy pathogens.

Answer 10

Pasteurization

Question 11

Inactivation or removal of both microbial toxins and the living microbial pathogens.

Answer 11

Decontamination

Question 12

Solutions used to disinfect skin and other living tissues.

Answer 12

Antiseptic

Question 13

Reduction of microbial populations to levels considered safe by public health standards.

Answer 13

Sanitation

Question 14

The suffix –cide or –cidal refers to

Answer 14

Killing

Question 15

Examples of microbicidal agents

Answer 15

–Ex. Microbicidal agents (microbicides)

–Ex. Bactericidal agents

–Ex. Sporicidal agents

–Ex. Viricidal agents

Question 16

Drug or chemical that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

Answer 16

Miscrobistatic agent

Question 17

One that specifically inhibits the metabolism and reproduction of bacteria

Answer 17

Becteriostatic agents

Question 18

Microbistatic technique examples

Answer 18

Lyophilization (freeze-drying)
Rapid freezing (using liquid nitrogen)

Question 19

Presence of pathogens in blood or tissues.

Answer 19

Sepsis

Question 20

Absence of pathogens

Answer 20

Asepsis

Question 21

Examples of asepsis

Answer 21

Hand washing; use of sterile gloves, masks, gowns; sterilization of surgical equipment; use of disinfectants.

Question 22

Prevention of infection.

Answer 22

Antisepsis

Question 23

Use of antiseptics.

Answer 23

Antiseptic techique

Question 24

Who developed the antiseptic technique

Answer 24

Joseph Lister (1867).

Question 25

Practice of excluding all microorganisms from a particular area, so that the area will be sterile.

Answer 25

Sterile technique

Question 26

Methods used to destroy or inhibit microbial growth may be

Answer 26

Physical or chemical

Question 27

Examples of Controlling Microbial Growth Using Physical Methods

Answer 27

``` Heat ●Combination of heat and pressure ●Desiccation ●Radiation ●Sonic disruption ●Filtration ```

Question 28

Practical, efficient, and inexpensive method of sterilization

Answer 28

Heat

Question 29

2 factors that influence effectiveness of heat for sterilization

Answer 29

temperature and time

Question 30

●Lowest temperature that will kill all organisms in a standardized pure culture within a specified period.

Answer 30

Thermal Death Point (TDP)

Question 31

●Length of time necessary to sterilize a pure culture at a specified temperature.

Answer 31

Thermal Death Time (TDT)

Question 32

Heating materials in absence of moisture.

Answer 32

Dry heat

Question 33

Dry heat must be baked

Answer 33

Must be baked at 160º to 165ºC for 2 hours or at 170º to 180ºC for 1 hour.

Question 34

Other methods of dry heat

Answer 34

incineration | flaming surface of metal materials like forceps and loops.

Question 35

Boiling or steaming.

Answer 35

Moist heat

Question 36

Most pathogens are destroyed After

Answer 36

30 mins of boiling

Question 37

not always effective against some endospores and viruses.

Answer 37

Boiling

Question 38

Boiling not an option for

Answer 38

Thermophiles

Question 39

Large metal pressure cooker that uses steam under pressure to completely destroy all microorganisms.

Answer 39

Autoclaving

Question 40

Increased pressure raises the temperature of boiling water (i.e. above 100ºC) producing steam.

Answer 40

Autoclaving

Question 41

Use of a pressure cooker.

Answer 41

Home canning

Question 42

If foods canned without _____ some bacterial endospores may survive.

Answer 42

pressure

Question 43

●For clothing, bedding, and dishes ●Use hot water with soap or detergent ●Agitate solution around items

Answer 43

Disinfecting technique

Question 44

These disinfecting techniques kills most microbes.

Answer 44

Combination of heat, mechanical action, and chemical inhibition

Question 45

●Metabolic activities slowed.

Answer 45

Cold

Question 46

●Most microbes not killed, but growth inhibited.

Answer 46

Cold

Question 47

not a good way to preserve bacteriological or biologic specimen.

Answer 47

Slow freezing

Question 48

a good way to preserve bacteriological or biologic specimen.

Answer 48

Rapid freezing (liquid nitrogen)

Question 49

Process of drying materials. Many microbes can remain viable despite absence of nutrients and moisture. Dried blood, fecal material, and dust may still contain viable microbes.

Answer 49

Desiccation

Question 50

example of desiccation

Answer 50

Lyophilization (freeze-drying)

Question 51

sometimes used to prevent or decrease microbial growth.

Answer 51

Ultraviolet (UV) light

Question 52

Types of radiation that may be used to destroy or prevent microbial growth.

Answer 52

X-rays and gamma and beta rays

Question 53

Often used to sterilize and clean delicate equipment.

Answer 53

Ultrasonic waves

Question 54

●Consists of tanks filled with liquid solvent (usually water). ●________are passed through liquid. ●________dislodge organic debris. ●Materials must then be washed and sterilized by another method.

Answer 54

Ultrasonic waves Short sound waves Sound waves

Question 55

●Filters of various pore sizes are used to filter or separate larger cells, larger viruses, bacteria, and other microbes from gases or liquids in which they are suspended. ● _______ used to prevent the outward and inward movement of microbes.

Answer 55

Filtration | Paper masks

Question 56

Altering atmosphere of microbes to inhibit growth

Answer 56

Gaseous atmosphere

Question 57

Chemical Agents Used to Inhibit Microbial Growth ●Temporarily or permanently. ●Different disinfectants have different properties. ●_______should be chosen based on their efficiency and effectiveness for a particular situation.

Answer 57

Disinfectants

Question 58

How do disinfectants kill microorganisms

Answer 58

Some target and destroy cell membranes. ●Ex. Surface-active soaps and detergents; alcohols ●Some destroy enzymes and structural proteins. ●Ex. Formaldehyde and ethylene oxide ●Some attack cell walls or nucleic acids.

Question 59

Can be used safely on human skin. ●Reduces # of organisms on the surface. ●Does not penetrate _________

Answer 59

Antiseptics | Pores or hair follicles