Research and Ethics in Psychopathology

Question 1

Scientific knowledge is ____________.

Answer 1

empericial

Question 2

Dr. Caí believes people are essentially altruistic based on years of research in this area. Is this a theory or hypothesis?

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

Scientific hypothesis are ____________ and falsifiable.

Answer 3

Testable

Question 4

A researcher is interested in the ability of a certain psychotherapy to reduce a client’s anxiety. Read each of the three statements below and determine which statement is a testable research hypothesis.

a. Her hypothesis is that more psychotherapy sessions will be directly associated. with increasing reduction of feelings of worry, tension and dread.

b. Her hypothesis is that more psychotherapy sessions will be directly associated with increasingly lower ratings on a 10-point scale when the client self-reports feelings of anxiety

c. Her hypothesis is that psychotherapy should last for at least 10 weeks

Answer 4

b. Her hypothesis is that more psychotherapy sessions will be directly associated with increasingly lower ratings on a 10-point scale when the client self-reports feelings of anxiety

Question 5

The three main categories of research are:

Answer 5

descriptive, correlational, and experiemental

Question 6

Research studies that don’t test specific relationships between variables are called:

Answer 6

descriptive studies

Question 7

Research studies designed to determine whether a relationship exists between variables is known as _____________ research.

Answer 7

correlational

Question 8

The only way to determine if there is a cause and effect relationship between two variables is to do ___________ research.

Answer 8

experimental

Question 9

The major limitation of case studies is _________.

Answer 9

the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population.

Question 10

What is a benefit of naturalistic observation?

Answer 10

the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting

Question 11

Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): _____________

Answer 11

case study

Question 12

__________________ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.

Answer 12

naturalistic observation

Question 13

A(n) _____________ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper or online form.

Answer 13

survey

Question 14

______________involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.

Answer 14

longitudinal research

Question 15

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as _____________.

Answer 15

archival research

Question 16

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ______________.

Answer 16

attrition

Question 17

A group of researchers studying the effects of alcohol use on academic achievement in high school asked respondents whether they drank alcohol during the past month. In this instance, the investigations were collecting _____________ data.

Answer 17

prevalence

Question 18

Depression is strongly related to both suicidal ideations and attempt, but it lacks specificity as a predictor, and little is known about the characteristics that increase the risk of suicide among people with depression.

As part of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study, the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior was investigated. The findings of the research states that in 2018, out of 1051 participants, 364 reported life-time depression. Of these, 48% reported life-time suicidal ideation and there were 58 cases of coincide attempts in 2018 due to life-time depression.

This reflects the _________ of suicide attempts due to life-time depression in rural Australia during 2018.

Answer 18

incidence

Question 19

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that ___________.

Answer 19

as height increases, typically weight increases

Question 20

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

a) -0.90
b) -0.50
c) +0.80
d) +0.25

Answer 20

a) -0.90

Question 21

Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?

a. Watching too much television leads to poor exam performance
b. Smart students watch less television
c. Viewing television interferes with a student’s ability to prepare for the upcoming exam

d. Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams

Answer 21

d. Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams

Question 22

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when __________.

Answer 22

it is closest to 0