Research And Stats

Question 1

Basic steps for using research (5)

Answer 1

Form pico question
review evidence
Determine validity, reliability and applicability of research study.
Determine usefulness and support of the info as it pertains to your question.
Bese treatment on evidence

Question 2

Case control study vs case study?

Answer 2

Case control study looks at 2* groups of people. Case study looks at one person, 1* group of people or one issue.

Question 3

A comparison of two or more variables that change in relation to each other.

Answer 3

Covariation

Question 4

if the p value is .05 or LESS, the null hypothesis is?

Answer 4

Rejected.

Question 5

The extent to which an assessment tool measures what it is supposed to measure.

Answer 5

Validity

Question 6

The determination of how well an assessment tool measures an outcome.

Answer 6

Criterion validity

Question 7

The determination of how well an assessment tool measures an attribute or skill that it claims to measure.

Answer 7

Construct Validity

Question 8

The ability to duplicate the results of an assessment: does the test provide the same results if administered under the same conditions.

Answer 8

reliability

Question 9

An inductive method of research in which the data is collected first is?

Answer 9

Grounded Theory

Question 10

A study in which the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable are examined. This type of study does not include random assignment of subjects to experimental or control groups. Subjects are limited to a specific population, such as patients with Parkinson’s Disease or children with Down Syndrome. Subjects are usually selected by convenience, such as patients who attend a community based mental health program. Random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible due to small sample sizes or the nature of the variables studied.

Answer 10

Quasi-experimental

Question 11

A study on the use of weighted vests with children with autism. What kind of study?

Answer 11

Quasi-experimental

Question 12

A study in which manipulation of the independent variable is not possible. Randomization and researcher control are also not possible.

Answer 12

non-experimental or correlational

Question 13

99% – z score =

Answer 13

2.576

Question 14

Levels of measurement: –Also called qualitative type, as classifications are usually qualitative. Gender, ethnicity, language, genre, style, biological species.

Answer 14

Nominal type

Question 15

Levels of measurement: – Places data in rank order but does not determine the degree of difference between data sets.

Answer 15

Ordinal type

Question 16

the — coefficient measures the linear relationship between two variables.

Answer 16

correlational

Question 17

The r value ranges from -(-) to +(-). The + and – sings indicate a positive or negative linear correlation.

Answer 17

1

Question 18

A linear relationship in which as the value of variable x increases, the value of variable y decreases.
–expressed as a negative r value.

Answer 18

negative correlation

Question 19

Avulsion Injuries, also called Avulsion fracture is when a small piece of bone that is attached to a tendon breaks away from the main bone. – – is an example of an avulsion fracture.

Answer 19

Mallet finger

Question 20

A deep cut on the palm side of the fingers, hand, wrist, or forearm can damage the flexor tendons. A flexor tendon injury can make it impossible to bend the fingers or thumb. OT treatments for post-surgical management? (Passive extension of the distal interphalangeal joint if the metacarpal and proximal phalangeal joints are flexed. The distal interphalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint can be passively extended if the other joints of the digit are flexed to initiate tendon glide and prevent scarring of the tendon.)

Answer 20

Flexor tendon protocol using controlled passive motion.

Question 21

Flexor tendon injury: Zone II of the flexor tendon system has been called no man’s land because excessive scarring makes it difficult to get good results from a repair. Zone IV consists of the transverse carpal ligament, and the median nerve runs under this ligament; Zone V is distal to this ligament and thus contains the median nerve branch. Strengthening must not be initiated until cleared by the surgeon completing the tendon repair. Overuse of the tendon too early after surgery can result in —?

Answer 21

a rupture of the tendon.

Question 22

Extensor Tendon Injury: Injury to the extensor digitorum communis or extensor indicis proprius (EIP). OT treatment post surgical?

Answer 22

Tendon gliding exercises (promote tendon excursions and prevent adhesions). Modalities (include heat, to gradually prepare the tissue for ROM)., and NMES (neuromuscular electrical stimulation) (to promote tendon excursion and activation). The use of modalities begins once cleared by the prescribing physician. Overuse of the tendon too early after surgery can result in a rupture of the tendon. Strengthening usually not initiated until the late phase of repair, usually 8-12 weeks after surgery.

Question 23

Muscle overuse causes Cumulative Trauma Disorder. Cumulative trauma disorder is Trauma to soft tissue caused by repeated force. The patient has muscle fatigue, pain, chronic inflammation, sensory impairment, and decreased ability to work. Conservative Treatment from OT during acute phase?

Answer 23

Acute phase: reduction of inflammation and pain through static splinting, ice, contrast baths, ultrasound, inferential stimulation.

Question 24

Muscle overuse causes cumulative trauma disorder. What are the Conservative Treatments from OT during the subacute phase?

Answer 24

Subacute phase: slow stretching, myofascial release, progressive resistive exercises as tolerated, proper body mechanics, education on identifying triggers, and returning to acute phase treatment.

Question 25

MCP flexion limitation is a type of ligament injury. Symptoms are: Difficulty flexing the MCP’s due to tightness in the ligaments. OT treatment for conservative management?

Answer 25

Joint mobilization, A/PROM, therapeutic activities.

Question 26

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion contracture is a type of ligament injury. Symptoms are Shortening and tightening of the tendons and ligaments surrounding the PIP joint due to injury. What are the conservative OT treatments for this? What splint?

Answer 26

Splinting, buddy taping, A/PROM, therapeutic activities. PIP extension splint. (Serial casting or external fixation for prolonged stretched are preferred methods of management after surgery).

Question 27

Skier’s Thumb (Gamekeepers Thumb): Rupture of the ulnar collateral LIGAMENT of the MCP joint of the thumb. OT conservative treatments include wearing what splint? Also: AROM and pinch strength at 6 weeks. ADL’s that require opposition and pinch strength. PROM at 8 weeks and strengthening at 10 weeks. Post-surgery OT treatments include: Immobilized in a thumb spica cast for the first 4 weeks, then a thumb spica splint for 2 additional weeks. May begin AROM at 6 weeks. No motion for 4 weeks following surgical repair!!!.

Answer 27

Wear a thumb spica splint at all times.

Question 28

CMC arthritis: Most commonly involved arthritic joint in the hand, between carpal and metacarpal bones. Trapezium and scaphoid. What is the conservative OT treatment? What kind of splint?

Answer 28

Heat modalities or iontophoresis to relieve pain and improve mobility, AROM, therapeutic activity, and joint protection techniques. A hand-based thumb spica splint takes the pressure off the joint.

Question 29

CMC osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease affecting the first carpometacarpal joint (CMC1). What is the conservative OT treatment? What splint?

Answer 29

Splinting, heat modalities to relieve pain, and joint protection techniques. Wrist/thumb spica splint.

Question 30

Ulnar Drift is a degenerative joint disease. with this disease The hand including the fingers move towards the ulna. Ulnar deviation is a disorder in which flexion by ulnar nerve innervated muscles is intact while flexion on the median nerve side is not. What is the conservative OT treatment? What splint?

Answer 30

Adaptations, joint protection, and work simplification techniques. Ulnar deviation splint

Question 31

Bone Fractures: Bennett’s Fracture: Fracture of the first metacarpal base. OT Treatments for Conservative Management? What splint?

Answer 31

Orthotics are used for immobilization as needed. ROM is begun early, within 1 week if medically cleared. Thumb spica splint. CONTRAINDICATION: Watch for instability of the joint and/or joint subluxation.

Question 32

Bone Fractures: Boxers Fracture (Proximal Fracture): A boxer’s fracture is the result of a clenched fist hitting an object with enough force to break the metacarpophalangeal neck, most commonly seen in the fourth and fifth digits. What OT treatments should you do? WHat splint?

Answer 32

Strengthening when the fracture has healed. Ulnar gutter splint.

Question 33

Bone fracture: Carpal Fracture: Fracture to the individual carpal bone. Most common injury to the wrist is the scaphoid. Lunate fractures are associated with Kienbock’s disease. OT treatment: Edema control techniques, modalities for pain control, AROM, therapeutic activities, strengthening per physician’s protocol What splint?

Answer 33

Wrist cock-up with thumb Spica splint

Question 34

Bone fracture: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (AKA: reflex sympathetic dystrophy): CRPS is usually precipitated by trauma (mostly fractures e.g. distal radius fracture or surgery). The upper extremity is affected more often than the lower extremity, and is usually limited to one extremity. OT treatment conservative: Pain control techniques, TENS, splinting, continuous passive motion. Edema control techniques. What splint (2)?

Answer 34

Static volar splint in extension as tolerated, then dynamic as tolerated.

Question 35

Bone fracture: Colles Fracture: Complete fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement. MOST common type of wrist fracture. --- splint with the hand in palmar --- and the wrist in ulnar --. This is the classic position of immobilization for a Colles’ fracture. After the injury to the wrist, the focus is usually on regaining the motions of wrist flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination. Although these motions play a vital role in everyday functioning, limitations in wrist radial/ulnar deviation can also present functional challenges. Using a -- -- splint is recommended to assist the patient in improving their wrist radio/ulnar deviation. The design of the splint progressively changes the amount of wrist deviation.

Answer 35

Casting/Thermoplastic, flexion, deviation, progressive static (this is the casting).