Research And Teaching Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does the size of the square in the forest plot mean
Represents the weight of the study in a the meta-analysis which is often based on the sample size and precision of the study’s estimate.
Larger studyies with. More participants or more precise estimates contribute more to the overall effect and are represented by larger squares
The effect is indicated by the position of the square along the x axis not its size
Which methodology focuses primarily on reducing variability and defects in processes
Lean methodology
It emphasizes an eliminating waste and improving flow.
(Plan do study act) PDSA is a framework for testing changes
What is six sigma
Is a quality improvement methodology that Focuses on reducing variability and defects in processes by using statistical tools and data analysis. It aims for near perfection in processes and products.
Which statistical measure on the forest plot helps quantify heterogeneity between the studies
I2 statistic - it quantifies the heterogeneity among studies in a meta-analysis. Indicating the percentage of total variation across studies due to heterogeneity rather than chance
A higher I2 values suggest substantial heterogeniety meaning the studies vary significantly in their outcomes
CI , p values. And effect size measures 9like risk ratio and weighed mean difference ) are important for interpretation but do not directly quantify heterogeneity.
In a forest plot what is the significance of the diamond shape at the bottom , which represent the pooled effect
The diamond at the bottom of a forest plot represents the pooled effect of combined effect size and statistical significance of individual studies
The width of the diamond indicated the confidence interval for this combined estimate
If the diamond does not cross the line of no effect , the pooled result is statistically significant
What does it mean if the CI in a forest plot crosses the vertical line of no effect (Risk ratio=1)
This implies that the results of these studies are not statistically significant
This mean the effect may not be different from zero suggesting uncertainty in whether the drug impacts preeclampsia prevention
What is constructive alignment
It is the principle of aligning learning objectives teaching activities and assessment of methods to ensure that each component supports the intended learning outcomes.
This alignment ensures that assessments accurately measure the skills and knowledge being taught.
Active learning what is it
Involves engaging learner in the material through discussion problem solving and analysis as with case based discussions
Constructive alignment ensures teaching methods align with learning outcomes but does not describe the active nature of case based discussions.
What does it mean if the overall effect size diamond crosses the line of no effect
If the diamond representing the pooled effect crosses the line of no effect the overall result of the meta-analysis is statistically significant insignificant
What is collaborative learning
Is promoted for ex as trainees work together to discuss cases and share their ideas facillitiating deeper learning through interaction
PBL also emphasizes discussion but typically involves structured cases designed to stimulate critical thinking outside of routine clinical practice,
What does feed forward mean?
Suggestions for future improvement
Independent T test
Compares two things?
Is apporopate for comparing the means of two independent groups ie groups that take two different medications.
Anova
Used for 3 or more groups
Chi-square test
Assesses categorical data
Krystal-Wallis
Non parametric alternative for comparing multiple groups
Paired T test
Reflective learning
For ex. A trainees assesses their own knowledge gaps and sets specific goals promoting self-awareness and personalized approach to learning
Self directed learning
Involves taking charge of one’s learnings process but without the explicit focus on reflection
What is abstract conceptualization
a cognitive process where you understand or explain experiences by forming theories, ideas, or concepts, rather than relying solely on emotions, hands-on experience, or direct observation.
It means thinking deeply about something in a logical, theoretical, or symbolic way—not just based on what you see or feel, but by analyzing, organizing, and explaining it with ideas.
A scientist developing a theory from collected data. • A student understanding a math problem by applying a formula instead of trial and error. • An engineer designing a bridge based on physics principles, not just past experience.
Kolb’s experiential learning model
Emphasizes a cycle of experiencing reflecting conceptualizing and experimenting catering to different learning styles.
This holistic approach supports various learner preferences - visual, auditory, kinaesthetic)
paired T test
Used for related groups such as measuring blood pressure before and after treatment in the same patients
