Research Design

Question 1

most research relies on what?

Answer 1

correlation or experiments

Question 2

what do experiments allow researchers to do?

Answer 2

casual inferences

Question 3

a psychologist can test research questions using?

Answer 3

longitudinal design and quasi-experimental designs

Question 4

what factors determine the type of method researchers use?

Answer 4

practical constraint

Question 5

who is Uri Geller?

Answer 5

a guy who convinced hundreds of thousands of people that he could bend spoons and slow watches using only his mind.

Question 6

In what year did Uri Geller trick people?

Answer 6

1970s

Question 7

science is the result of what?

Answer 7

systematic and intentional study of the natural world

Question 8

who conducted an experiment on spending and happiness?

Answer 8

Professor Elizabeth Dunn

Question 9

according to Professor Elizabeth Dunn’s experiment, happiness depends on what?

Answer 9

how the participants spends their money

Question 10

who is the independent variable when it comes to an experiment?

Answer 10

the one under the experimenter’s control

Question 11

after the experiment, who was happier? the one that spends the money on itself or the one who spends it on others?

Answer 11

the one who spends it on others

Question 12

what is the power of random assignment?

Answer 12

random assignment is when we want to make it fair. Instead of picking people, we randomly assigned them.

Question 13

what is confounds?

Answer 13

things that undermine your ability to draw causal inferences.

Question 14

what can occur unintentionally?

Answer 14

placebo effects and participant demand

Question 15

can experimenter expectations influence the outcome of a study?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

what can be done to make sure that the participants and experimenters cant have an influence on the project?

Answer 16

using a double-blind procedure. This is when the participants and the experimenter don’t know which condition the participants are in. Making it less likely to be influenced.

Question 17

what is participant demand?

Answer 17

when participants are influenced by the researcher’s / experimenters’ expectations.

Question 18

in correlational research, what pattern do we identify?

Answer 18

relationship pattern

Question 19

in correlational research how many variables can you examine at a time?

Answer 19

two variables. no more and no less.

Question 20

what happens when there are two variables with a positive correlation coefficient?

Answer 20

goes up and down together

Question 21

what does the correlation coefficient provide?

Answer 21

information about the direction and strength of the association between two variables.

Question 22

what is a negative correlation?

Answer 22

when the two variables move in opposite directions. meaning when one variable goes up, the other goes down.

Question 23

what is an often phrase said among psychologists?

Answer 23

correlation doesn’t equal causation

Question 24

what is Participant Observation?

Answer 24

it’s a methodology that involves creating groups in order to study the dynamics.

Question 25

what are case studies?

Answer 25

is an intensive examination of specific individuals or specific contexts.

Question 26

who was famous for using case studies?

Answer 26

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis

Question 27

what is the current example of case studies?

Answer 27

involves brain injuries

Question 28

what does narrative analysis focus on?

Answer 28

the study of stories and personal accounts of people, groups, or cultures.

Question 29

what is quasi-experimental design?

Answer 29

it is similar to experimental research, except that random assignment to conditions is not used. We rely on existing groups. example: in an experimental design you randomly assign, while in quasi you will have to use what you have.

Question 30

what are longitudinal studies?

Answer 30

they track the same people over time. (For example they tracked 20,000 germans for two whole decades) It provides valuable evidence for testing many theories in psychology. they might be quite costly to conduct especially if they follow many people for many years.

Question 31

what is a survey?

Answer 31

It’s a way of gathering information using an old-fashioned questionnaire or the internet. Surveys can reach a large number of participants at a much lower cost. An experiment can be carried out by surveys as well.

Question 32

which psychologist examined the smile intensity of women’s college yearbook photos?

Answer 32

LeeAnn Harker and Dacher Keltner

Question 33

what was the experiment on Smile Intensity of Women’s college yearbook photos about?

Answer 33

that smiling in the photos was correlated with getting married in the next 10 years.

Question 34

what is resource availability?

Answer 34

is asking ‘how much time and money do you have to invest in the research?’

Question 35

for exploratory research what methods we should look for?

Answer 35

methods that are cheap and fast

Question 36

in cases of brain injury or other neurological abnormalities, what will be unethical for researchers to do?

Answer 36

it will be unethical for researchers to inflict impairments on healthy participants.

Question 37

what type of experiences will be useful in understanding the human mind but pose challenges to a true experimental design?

Answer 37

Experiences of war, long-term isolation, abusive parenting, or long term drug use.

Question 38

what is a crucial factor in determining an appropriate research design?

Answer 38

ethical considerations

Question 39

the strengths of scientific findings rely on what?

Answer 39

the strengths of its methodology.

Question 40

what is a methodology?

Answer 40

a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity

Question 41

how to be a savvy consumer of research?

Answer 41

you need to understand the pros and cons of different methods and the distinctions among them.

Question 42

by understanding how psychologists systematically go about answering research questions will help you in what?

Answer 42

to solve problems in your personal and professional life.