Research Design

Question 1

ATE

Answer 1

E(y1) - E(y0)

Question 2

NATE

Answer 2

E(Y1 I D=1) - E(Y0 I D=0)

Question 3

ATE

Answer 3

π x ATT - (1-π) x ATC

Question 4

ATT

Answer 4

E(Y1 I D=1) - E(Y0 I D=1)

Question 5

ATC

Answer 5

E(Y1 I D=0) - E(Y0 I D=0)

Question 6

Total bias

Answer 6

NATE - ATE

Question 7

BB

Answer 7

E(Y0 I D=1) - E(Y0 I D=0)

Question 8

DTEB

Answer 8

(1-π) x [[E(Y1 I D=1) - E(Y0 I D=1)] - [E(Y1 I D=0) - E(Y0 I D=0)]]

Question 9

Internal validity

Answer 9

able to identify the causal effect in the study sample

Question 10

external validity

Answer 10

ability to generalize the results to other contexts

Question 11

confounder

Answer 11

when Z points outwards (do D and Y or other variables)

Question 12

mediator

Answer 12

when one arrow points into Z and another out of Z (on the path between D and Y or other variables)

Question 13

collider

Answer 13

when arrows point to Z, both variables effect Z (path closed)

Question 14

direct path

Answer 14

when there is a causal open path between D and Y

Question 15

non-causal open path

Answer 15

when there is an open path between D and Y but not causal (backdoor paths)

Question 16

condition

Answer 16

introducing info about a variable, can open or close path dependent on if variable was collider or not

Question 17

IPW

Answer 17

D

Question 18

IPW

Answer 18

Dx1 / P(D=1, X=X) + (1-D)x1 / P(D=0, X=x)

Question 19

estimate counterfactual

Answer 19

mean from the results, ex (D=1, X=1)