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Psychology 289 > Research Enterprise in Psychology > Flashcards

Research Enterprise in Psychology Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Abstract

A

Brief summary of a journal article.

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2
Q

Anecdotal Evidence

A

Personal stories pertaining to an event. Prone to bias and provides and extremely small sample size.

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3
Q

Between-subject Design

A

An experiment using two or more groups

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4
Q

Case Study

A

In depth research on a certain topic, usually using other studies to provide a gain a more complete understanding.

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5
Q

Correlation

A

Exists when 2 variables relate to each other

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6
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

The strength of a relationship between 2 variables

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7
Q

Data Collection Techniques

A

Methods used to collect and store data used in research

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8
Q

Deception

A

Exists when experimenters lie to or trick participants into a study. This can cause distress and trust issues, but some scientists argue that certain studies could not be done without it.

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9
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is influenced in the study.

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10
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Used to organize and summarize data

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11
Q

Double-blind Procedure

A

When neither the experimenter nor the participants know who will be in which group.

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12
Q

Evidence-based Decision Making

A

Combines all evidence gathered to make a decision about a subject

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13
Q

Experiment

A

Research method where carefully controlled variables are observed

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14
Q

Experimental Group

A

Group of subjects who are given special treatment

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15
Q

Experimenter Bias

A

An experimenter unintentionally influencing a subject via nonverbal cues or actions

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16
Q

Extraneous Variables

A

Any variable other than the independent or dependent variable that influences the study
eg// personal characteristics

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17
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative statement about the relationship between variables

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18
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that influences the other variables in a study

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19
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions

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20
Q

Interaction

A

Influences between variables

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21
Q

Journal

A

Publication of scientific studies focused on certain topics

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22
Q

Mean

A

Average. Most useful and most sensitive score.

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23
Q

Median

A

The exact middle score.

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24
Q

Mode

A

The most frequent score.

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25
Naturalistic Observation
Observations done in a natural environment to reduce outside influence
26
Negative Correlation
2 variables that relate in different ways/directions. | eg// when happiness increases, suicide rates decrease
27
Operational Definition
Actions/measures taken to control a variable.
28
Participants
Subjects of a study
29
Placebo
Fake, empty or faulty treatment
30
Placebo Effect
Exists when a subject notices change when given fake, empty or faulty treatment.
31
Population
The group the sample is taken from | eg// population: north americans, sample: north americans in the study
32
Positive Correlation
2 variables that relate to each other in the same way. | eg// when you study more, you do better on exams
33
Random Assignment
When subjects are randomly placed into control or experimental groups
34
Random Sampling
Picks participants randomly from a population.
35
Replication
Rerun of an experiment. Helps to confirm facts and reduce mistakes made.
36
Research Methods
Ways of gathering and analyzing data
37
Response Set
The tendency to answer all questions in a set in a similar way regardless of if they are related or not
38
Sample
The people in a population actually involved in the study
39
Sampling Bias
Exists when the sample does not correctly represent the population. eg// population: north americans sample: white north americans
40
Social Desirability Bias
The tendency to answer questions/ act in ways that are socially acceptable
41
Standard Devation
The amount a score can vary represented by a numerical value
42
Statistical Significance
Exists when the probability of the data occurring by chance is relatively low or non existent.
43
Statistics
A collection of numerical data
44
Surveys
A data collection technique based on question asking
45
Theory
Ideas strung together in a testable way to explain a set of observations
46
Variability
Inconsistency between variables
47
Variables
Controlled aspects to an experiment
48
Within-subjects Design
An experiment with one group that works as its own control.
49
Neal Miller
Did work with ethics in psychology
50
Robert Rosenthal
Discovered experimenter bias and explained how it could effect study results via nonverbal signals.
51
David Wolfe
Studied teens in abusive relationships and saw that previous maltreatment and current abuse positively correlated. This research helped at risk teens.
52
Identify 3 goals of the scientific enterprise
1. Measurement/ description - develop techniques to observe behaviour 2. Understanding/ prediction - you can only fully understand events once you know why they happen 3. Application/ control - apply research to practical problems such as those in schools, businesses and hospitals
53
List 5 steps in scientific investigations
1. Formulate a testable hypothesis 2. Select research method and design the study 3. Collect the data 4. Analyze the data and draw conclusions 5. Report findings
54
List 2 advantages to the scientific approach
1. Precision and clarity | 2. Relative intolerance for error
55
Why is is advantageous to sometimes only use one group who works as their own control?
Having one group gets rid of any extraneous variables such as personal ability
56
Frequency Distribution
Arrangement of scores indicating frequency of a score or group of scores
57
Symmetrical Frequency Distribution
Mean, median and mode all match up
58
Negatively Skewed Distribution
All scores pile up on the higher end of the scale
59
Positively Skewed Distribution
All scores pile up on the lower end of the scale
60
Percentile Score
Percent of people who score at or above a certain score | eg// being in the 40th percentile means 40% of people scored at or below your score.
61
Describe the organization of a journal article
1. Abstract - concise summary of article 2. Intro - overview of the study and relevant theories and past research - goes into specific hypothesis 3. Methods - describes research methods used and provides necessary info for study replication 4. Results 5. Discussion - authors conclusions based on data 6. References

Psychology 289 (6 decks)

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