Research Issues

Question 1

what are extraneous variables

Answer 1

‘Nuisance’ variables that intefere the IV and can often be controlled before the experiment begins.

Question 2

what are confounding variables

Answer 2

Variables that do vary systematically with the IV so we cannot be sure what caused the change in the DV.

Question 3

what are demand characteristics

Answer 3

Participants interpret cues from the experimenter and research situation. They may change their behaviour as a result.

Question 4

what are investigator effects

Answer 4

Unwanted influence of the investigator on the research outcome.

Question 5

what is randomization

Answer 5

The use of chance to reduce the effects of the researcher’s unconscious biases when designing an investigation.

Question 6

what is standardisation

Answer 6

Making sure that all participants are subject to the same instructions and experience.

Question 7

what are participant variables

Answer 7

individual differences between participants which may affect the dv

Question 8

what are situational variables

Answer 8

any features of the experimental situation that may affect dv.