Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Qualitative vs Quantitative

A
Qualitative = non-numerical 
Quantitative = numerical
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2
Q

What is a laboratory experiment?

A
  • Aim to identify cause and effect

- At least one variable manipulated by researcher

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3
Q

What are the types of hypothesis?

A

Null: “Factor A has no effect on factor B”
Alternative: “Factor A affects B”
Experimental: Predicts exactly what the researcher expects to find
Operational: Includes population, sampling method, IV and DV

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4
Q

What are the 2 different types of alternative hypothesis?

A

Directional: when you predict the direction of the relationship between the two variables
Non-directional: when you think there will be a relationship between the two, but don’t know the direction of the relationship

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5
Q

What are the 4 main types of variables?

A

IV: researcher manipulates
DV: researcher measures
Extraneous: any variable other than the IV that may influence the DV in a specific way
Confounding: when any other variable except the IV affects the DV in a systematic way

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of confounding variables?

A

Situational: variables influencing PP behavior beyond manipulation of the IV. e.g., temperature, lighting, background noise.
Participant variables: associated with the PPs themselves.

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7
Q

What is validity?

A

Does it actually measure what is supposed to measure?

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8
Q

What is reliability?

A

Does it consistently measure what it is supposed to measure?

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9
Q

Face/Content validity

A

Does the test measure what we want it to measure?

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10
Q

Construct validity

A

Whether scores on a test are consistent with the trait being measured

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11
Q

Concurrent validity

A

The extent to which performance on the test correlates positively with other tests of the same trait.

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12
Q

Predictive validity

A

Whether performance on the test predicts later performance

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13
Q

Internal validity

A

If an experiment shows results were caused by manipulation of the variables, rather than the effect of something else

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14
Q

External validity

A

If findings can be generalized beyond the experimental setting

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15
Q

Internal reliability

A

If a test is consistent within itself

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16
Q

External reliability

A

If the measure is stable over time or between people

17
Q

What are some non-experimental methods?

A
  • Correlational studies
  • Self-report techniques
  • Case studies
18
Q

7 Steps of Psychological Research

A
  1. Identify the research problem
  2. Formulate a hypothesis
  3. Design the method
  4. Collect the data
  5. Analyze the data
  6. Interpret results
  7. Report findings