Research Methods Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is a Aim hypothesis
General statement = what the investigator aims to study
What is a directional hypothesis?
The way it’s going.
Eg: colder weather = sadder people
What is a Non - directional hypothesis?
No direction
Eg: “weather has an affect on ppls mood”
What is a null hypothesis?
No difference
What is an independent variable?
What changes
What is a dependant variable?
What’s measured
The control of extraneous variables?
Can be controlled
Eg: sound, light
Situational variables
Time of day, lighting, noise
Standardise procedures
Confounding variables
Can’t be controlled
Personality
What is demand characteristics?
Ppts change behaviour because they’ve guessed the aim
What is investigator effects?
Researcher acts in a certain way to obtain desired results
What is standardisation?
Using same procedures
What is independent groups?
Equal no of ppts
S: No order effects
L: Large sample hard to acquire
Matched pairs
Ppts matched based on variables
S: prevents order effects
L: difficult to match
Repeated measures
Each ppts in all conditions
S: small sample size
L: order effects
Lab experiments
Conditions controlled
S: replicated
L: low mundane realism
Field experiment
Where it normally occurs
S: useful
L: extraneous variables
Natural
Pre-existing variables
S: takes advantage of rare opportunities
L: rare
Quasi
Existing differences between ppl
S: replicated
L: confounding variables
Stratified sampling
Divide pop in smaller subcategories. Select sample from each category
S: free from bias
L: time consuming
Naturalistic Observational technique
Observing where would normally occur
Controlled observational technique
Observing in controlled conditions
Overt observational technique
Ppts aware
Covert observational technique
Ppts unaware
