research methods Flashcards
(32 cards)
independent variable
the manipulated variable, what the researcher controls
dependent variable
the measured variable/outcome, what may be affected after exposure from the independent variable
random assignment
a practice that ensures that no external variables impact the accuracy of the results of the study
confounds
factors that hinder the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment
placebo effect
when study participants believe they are influenced by a false
participant demand
when study participants behave a certain way based on what they believe the researcher expects/wants them to behave
hindsight bias
correlational studies
research that observes natural, pre-existing variables
experimental design
a controlled research design in which a researcher introduces an independent variable
correlation coefficient (r)
qualitiative designs
quasi-experimental designs
does not require random assignment to conditions
longitudinal studies
experimenter’s expectations
operational definitions
how general concepts are defined, such as “happiness” or “intelligence”.
p-value
measures the probability of obtaining the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true
sample
population
generalized
random sample
margin of error
cause-and-effect
confidence interval
distribution
