Research Methods

Question 1

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 1

Predicts relationship between variables

Question 2

Null hypothesis

Answer 2

No relationship between variables predicted

Question 3

Extraneous variables

Answer 3

Unwanted variables that could affect the dv

Question 4

Research procedures

Answer 4

Instruction to participants - must be given the same info

Standardised procedures - exact same methods. To try control EV

Randomisation - using chance when designing a study to rule out bias

Question 5

Target population

Answer 5

Group being studied

Question 6

Random sampling

Answer 6

Each person has the same chance of being selected

Name out of a hat

Question 7

+ - of random sampling

Answer 7

+ no bias

• sample may not represent target population

Question 8

Opportunity sampling

Answer 8

Taking the people who happen to be there

Question 9

+ - of opportunities sampling

Answer 9

+ quick and cheap

• only represents the population drawn

Question 10

Systematic sampling

Answer 10

Selecting every nth person from a list of the target population

Question 11

+ - of systematic sampling

Answer 11

+ Avoids researcher bias

• may end with an unrepresentative sample

Question 12

Stratified sampling

Answer 12

Selecting participants in the proportion to frequency in the target population

Question 13

+- of stratified sampling

Answer 13

+ most representative

• very time consuming to sort sub groups

Question 14

Informed consent

Answer 14

Participants should be told the purpose of the research and that they can leave at any time

Question 15

Deception

Answer 15

Participants should not be misled about the aim, mild deception can be justified

Question 16

Privacy

Answer 16

Participants should have the right to control information about themselves

Question 17

Confidentiality

Answer 17

Personal data must be protected and respected

Question 18

Dealing with ethical issues

Answer 18

BPS guidelines

Question 19

Bps guidelines

Answer 19

All pro psychologists must follow

Question 20

Dealing with informed consent

Answer 20

Make participants sign a form

Question 21

Dealing with deception.

Answer 21

Debrief and allow councillors

Question 22

Dealing with privacy and confidentiality

Answer 22

Participants should remain anonymous

Question 23

Reliability

Answer 23

Measures consistency

Question 24

Quantitative methods

Answer 24

Most reliable

Question 25

Lab experiments

Answer 25

Controlled and easy to replicate

Question 26

Interviews and questionnaires

Answer 26

Same person should newer the questions in the same way, closed questions are better for this

Question 27

Observation

Answer 27

One observer should produce same observation if another were to observe. Inter observer reliability

Question 28

Qualitative methods

Answer 28

Less reliable Case studies and unstructured interviews- difficult to repeat in the same way

Question 29

Sampling methods

Answer 29

random, volunteer, opportunity, stratified

Question 30

ED. repeated measure

Answer 30

Order effects challenge validity

Question 31

Lab

Answer 31

High control In a lab Control ev

Question 32

Field

Answer 32

Natural setting, Iv manipulated by experimenter

Question 33

Independent groups

Answer 33

2 groups, different conditions

Question 34

Repeated measure

Answer 34

1 group who do both conditions