Research Methods

Question 1

Lab Experiment

Answer 1

Takes place in controlled environment where the researcher manipulates the IV and records the DV
(strict control of extraneous variables)

Question 2

Field Experiments

Answer 2

Takes place in natural setting where researcher manipulates IV

Question 3

Natural Experiments

Answer 3

Change to the IV is not brought by the researcher. Would have happened even if researcher wasn’t there

Question 4

Quasi-experiment

Answer 4

IV not determined by anyone, variables simply exist
(E.g. being old/young)

Question 5

Random sample

Answer 5

All members of population have same chance of being chosen

Question 6

Systematic sampling

Answer 6

Every nth member of the target population is chosen

Question 7

Stratified sample

Answer 7

Sample reflects the proportions of ppl in sub-cultures within the target population

Question 8

Opportunity sample

Answer 8

Select anyone willing and available as representative samples are hard to obtain

Question 9

Normal distribution

Answer 9

-most ppl located in the middle
-tails never touch the x-axis as more extreme scores are always possible
-symmetrical bell curve

Question 10

Skewed distributions

Answer 10

+ve skew
-distribution concentrated to left
-mode remains the same
-mean dragged to right

-ve skew
-distribution concentrated to right

Question 11

Type 1 error

Answer 11

False +ve
-they’ve said there’s an effect when there isn’t

Question 12

Type 2 error

Answer 12

False -ve
-they’ve said there is no effect when there is one

Question 13

Standardisation

Answer 13

the use of uniform procedures and instructions for all participants in a study