research methods

Question 1

reliability

Answer 1

how consistent a research is

Question 2

validity ?

Answer 2

to what extent the research is accurate

Question 3

methodological pluralism ?

Answer 3

using multiple methods in research

Question 4

gatekeeper

Answer 4

an individual or group that controls access to resources, opportunities or info

Question 5

positivism

Answer 5

believe that its possible to establish objective facts through scientific research methods. often involves quantitative methods

Question 6

interpretivism

Answer 6

argues the study of human society must go beyond objective evidence and should include subjective views, opinions, emotions and values. usually qualitative data

Question 7

realism

Answer 7

combination of quantative and qualitative

Question 8

OMESPA

Answer 8

Operationalise
Method
Ethics
Sample
Practical issues
Analysis

Question 9

representative sampling methods

Answer 9

• random
• stratified
• systematic
• quota

Question 10

random

Answer 10

PT have equal chance of being selected (hat)

s - minimises bias, enhances generalisability
w - still chance of being unrepresentative

Question 11

stratified

Answer 11

researchers ensure that various subgroups are proportionally included in their sample

s- aims to ensure specific groups are represented
w - time consuming

Question 12

systematic

Answer 12

researcher selects every nth person on the sampling frame

s - can be easier to implement than other methods
w - not always representative

Question 13

quota

Answer 13

selecting PT by ensuring specific numbers of PT from certain subgroups are selected

s - sample can be controlled for certain characteristics, simpler than other methods
w - selection bias

Question 14

non representative sampling methods

Answer 14

• volunteer
• opportunity
• snowball

Question 15

volunteer

Answer 15

PT self select themselves to take part in research (advert or online link)

s - quick, easy, good for hard to reach groups
w - those with specific interests may volunteer limiting generalisability

Question 16

opportunity

Answer 16

selecting PT based on availability and accessibility

s- quick, easy, can select specific contexts
w - selection bias, limiting diversity

Question 17

snowball

Answer 17

selecting PT from existing referring additional PT

s- good for hard to reach PT
w - limited generalisability

Question 18

practical issues

Answer 18

Time
Access
Cost
Characteristics

Question 19

ethical issues

Answer 19

Deception
Right to withdraw
Informed consent
Protection from harm
Privacy

Question 20

theoretical issues

Answer 20

Positovists
Interpretivists
Realists

Question 21

questionnaires

Answer 21

post, internet, face to face

s - favoured by positivists, easily replicated, comparable, inexpensive, large scale, representative, easy to quantify with closed questions, ensures confidentiality, fewer ethical issues

w- low validity, low response rate, may not be appropriate for sensitive issues

Question 22

surveys

Answer 22

can include questionnaires or interviews

s- easily replicated, comparable, inexpensive, representative, no interviewer bias, confidentality ensured, fewer ethical issues

w - low validity, low response rate, may not be appropriate for sensative issues