Research Methods Flashcards
Define repeated designs measure
When the participants are involved in both the experimental and control group
What’s advantages and limitations of repeated designs measure. How is the limitation overcome?
Ad- fewer participants needed
-extraneous variable of experimental or control group having an advantage is illuminated.
Lim- Oder effects it eg gaining skills for next condition.
Counterbalancing is used when half of the participants do it in one order and the other half do it in a different order
What is independent groups design
Participants are randomly allocated into experiment and control conditions
What’s the limitations and advantages of independent groups design
Ad- cost and time efficient
Lim- could create participant related extraneous variables eg IQ, height, skill
What is matched participants design
Participants paired on a particular characteristic.
Advantage and limitations of matched participant design
Ad-no participant related differences
Lim- if one withdraws you will lose the result of two
- time consuming
Define Qualitative data vs quantitative
Qualitative- characteristic of what is being studied. (How has quality changed) eg. Descriptions, opinions, arguments
Quantitative- “quality” how much has changed. Numerial or categorical data
Define independent variable
A variable that has been manipulated, changed or varied in some way
Dependent variable
The variable expected to change that can be mesasured
What does operationalise variables mean
Giving variable specific measurement
Eg. Number of standard drinks(Iv)
How to test driving (Dv)
Difference between confounding and extraneous variable
Extraneous-A variable that may affect the results in an unwanted way.
Confounding- an extraneous variable that is proven to affect the result (will)
Subjective vs objective data
Subjective- based on opinion
Objective- observed or measured (o for eye looking)
What’s convenience sampling advantage limitation and example
A sample selected in the quickest and easiest way possible
Adv-quick and easy
Lim- not representing population
Eg. Testing people at a shopping centre
What is random sampling, limitation and advantage and what’s it used for
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Advantage- free from bias quick and easy
Lim- may not be represented of population
Used for larger samples
What is stratified sampling advantage limitation and used for
Break the population into groups and select participants from each group in the same proportion they appear in the population
Adv-more representative of population
Lim- time consuming
Used for important research
