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Psych comp 1 > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Define researcher bias

A

The researcher ignores behaviour or invents new behaviour to produce desired results

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2
Q

Define validity

A

Whether a tool/test/study measures what’s its supposed to

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3
Q

What is a structured interview?

A

An interviewer presents participants with a standardised set of questions to answer.

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4
Q

Strengths of structured interviews

A
  • Easy to analyse
  • Standardised way to collect quantitative data - objective
  • Replicable
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5
Q

Weaknesses of structured interviews

A
  • Limited by fixed questions
  • Lacks detail
  • Can’t ask follow up/additional questions
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6
Q

What is a semi-structured interview?

A

Interviewer uses fixed and closed questions

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7
Q

Strengths of semi-structured interviews

A
  • Flexible
  • Detailed
  • Reliable
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8
Q

Define generalisability

A

Results from a study/sample can be applied to the wider target population

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9
Q

Define representativeness

A

All the features of the target population are included and reflect the characteristics of the target population

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10
Q

Different types of validity

A

Internal: face, construct, concurrent
External: ecological, population

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11
Q

Define ecological validity

A

Whether the study/test measures behaviour that is representative of real life (naturally occurring behaviour)

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12
Q

Define operationalisation

A

What is being measured and how it’s being measured

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13
Q

Define replication

A

Repeating the study in the same way each time

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14
Q

Objective data

A

Data can be interpreted in many ways, open to opinion

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15
Q

What is a controlled observation?

A

An observation that takes place in a situation that has been manipulated in a certain way

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16
Q

What is a structured observation?

A

Uses a predefined coding system to record data that clearly outlines specific behavioural categories used

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17
Q

What are confounding variables?

A

Factors that may cause a result; lacks validity

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18
Q

What is opportunity sampling?

A

Choosing p’s who are available/willing to participate at the time

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19
Q

Hurting your participants would break…

A

Protection of participants

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20
Q

Strengths of repeated measures

A
  • No individual differences

- Less p’s are needed

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21
Q

Weaknesses of quasi experiments

A
  • Hard to control extraneous variables
  • Hard to replicate
  • Unique situations
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22
Q

Strengths of independent measures

A
  • No order effects

- Lower demand characteristics

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23
Q

Strengths of snowball sampling

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A
  • Convenient

- Easy way to find p’s

24
Q

Weaknesses of participant observations

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A
  • Observer bias

- Ethical issues

25
Strengths of non-participant observations
- High EV | - More objective
26
Weaknesses of event sampling
- Lack of detail - Observer bias - Reductionist due to behavioural categories
27
Weaknesses of repeated measures
- Order effects - Demand characteristics - Extraneous variables
28
Strengths of observations
High EV
29
Weaknesses of observations
- Ethical issues | - Can’t establish cause and effect
30
Weaknesses of controlled observations
- Low EV | - Demand characteristics
31
Debrief
P’s made aware of the study
32
Naturalistic observation
Takes place in p’s natural environment, without researcher interference
33
Inter rater reliability
The extent to which different observers are able to observe/code behaviour in the same way
34
Strengths of open questions
- High EV | - Qualitative data
35
Covert observation
P’s unaware they’re being observed
36
Strengths of self selected sampling
- Quick - Easy - Inexpensive
37
Strengths of naturalistic observations
- Less demand characteristics | - High EV
38
Observation
Research method collecting data by watching people. No IV
39
Coding frame
System for recording behaviours in an observation, using abbreviations to represent behaviour
40
Weaknesses of independent measures
- Individual differences | - More p’s needed
41
Sharing p’s results would break...
Confidentiality
42
Dependant variable
The thing being measured
43
Weaknesses of unstructured observations
- Important behaviours may be missed - Subjective - Low reliability
44
Weaknesses of structured observations
- Reductionist | - Low validity due to predetermined categories
45
Things that help reliability
Quantitative data & standardised procedures
46
Semantic differential questions
P’s rate their responses between an opposing pair of words
47
Alternate hypothesis
States there will be a difference between the variables
48
Right to withdraw
P’s can leave the study at any point
49
Experimental design
How p’s are allocated to conditions in experiments
50
Face validity
The extent to which a study/test looks like it measures what it says it does
51
Independent variable
Variable being changed
52
How to gain informed consent
Consent form
53
Strengths of matched pairs designs
- No order effects - No demand characteristics - Controls for individual differences
54
Closed questions
Select a response from a choice of predetermined options
55
Confounding variables
Uncontrollable variable that has affected the results
56
Random sampling
Every member of the target population has an equal chance of selection
57
Repeated measures
P’s take part in all conditions of the experiment

Psych comp 1 (1 decks)

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