RESEARCH METHODS Flashcards
(30 cards)
Name the different types of sampling
- Random
- Systematic
- Stratified
- Volunteer
- Opportunity
Define Systematic sampling
Every nth person from target population is chosen
Define Stratified sampling
Sample reflects sub-groups (strata) within target population
What is the aim of a pilot study
Check procedure runs smoothly
Identify any errors
Fix them before real study
Saves time and money
What are the two self report techniques
- Questionnaire
- Interviews
What should you avoid in questionnaires
- Jargon
- Emotive language & leading questions
- Double barrelled/ double negative questions
What are the issues in observational design:
- Structures vs Unstructured
- Behavioural categories
- Sampling methods
What are the two sampling methods
Time sampling - take note of behaviour every 1 minute
Event Sampling - take note every time target behaviour performed
What are the types of observation
- Overt vs Covert
- Naturalistic vs Controlled
- Participant vs Non-Participant
Define types of observation:
- Overt vs Covert
Covert - pps don’t know they’re being observed
Overt - they do
Define types of observation:
- Naturalistic vs Controlled
Naturalistic - In place where target behaviour occurs
Controlled - Lab like setting
Define types of observation:
- Participant vs Non-Participant
Participant - Researcher becomes part of group being observed
Non-participant - researcher remains separate
What are the different experimental design
- Matched Pairs
- Independent groups
- Repeated measures
What are the different types of experiment
- Natural
- Field
- Quasi
- Lab
Difference between field and natural type of experiment
Natural - IV occurs naturally
Field - Experiment in natural setting but IV manipulated by researcher
What are the different types of data
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
- Primary
- Secondary
What are the aims of peer review
- Allocate research funding
- Validate quality and relevance of research
- Suggest amendments or improvments
What are the negatives of peer review
- Anonymity (research rivalry)
- Publication bias (only publish interesting/ desirable results)
- Burying ground breaking research if it goes against statistical quo
Nominal data is
Categories
Ordinal data is
Order/scale 1 - 10
Interval data is
numerical scales cm/litres
One tailed test is
directional/null hypothesis
Two tailed test is non-directional hypothesis
non-directional hypothesis
Type I error is
When null is rejected but should be accepted
False positive
Optimistic error
