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FINISHED A LEVEL > Research methods > Flashcards

Research methods Flashcards

1
Q

what are the positives of a lab experiment?

A
  • standardised procedure and therefore has high replicability
  • a cause and effect relationship can often be found
  • highly controlled
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2
Q

what are the weaknesses of a lab experiment?

A
  • artificial and therefore lack ecological validity
  • findings cannot be generalised to real life
  • demand characteristics or experimenter effects may effect results.
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3
Q

what is a field experiment?

A

-experiments that are done in everyday environments of the pps

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4
Q

what are strengths of field experiments?

A
  • high ecological validity

- less likelihood of demand characteristics

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5
Q

what are weaknesses of field experiments?

A
  • there is less control of extraneous variables

- harder to replicate

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6
Q

what is a natural experiment?

A

-conducted in real life situations

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7
Q

what are the strengths of natural experiments?

A
  • high ecological validity

- less likelihood of demand characteristics

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8
Q

what are the weaknesses of natural experiments?

A
  • more expensive and time consuming

- no control over extraneous variables

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9
Q

what is a case study?

A

in depth analysis of a single person, group, event or community

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10
Q

what are the strengths of case studies?

A
  • provides rich qualitative data
  • provides insight for further research
  • permitting investigation into potentially impractical or unethical situations
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11
Q

what are the limitations of case studies?

A
  • time consuming
  • difficult to replicate
  • potential researcher bias
  • cannot generalise the results
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12
Q

what is a correlation?

A

a measure to what extent two variables are related

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13
Q

what are the strengths of correlational studies?

A
  • allow the researcher to investigate naturally occurring variables
  • clear relationship can be discovered
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14
Q

what are the limitations of correlational studies?

A
  • cannot find cause and effect relationship

- we cannot take this information any further

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15
Q

what is an interview?

A

asking specific questions to collect data

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16
Q

what are the strengths of structured interviewing?

A
  • easy to replicate

- fairly quick to carry out and therefore a lot of data can be collected

17
Q

what are the weaknesses of structured interviews?

A
  • structured interviews are not flexible

- lack detail

18
Q

what are the sampling methods?

A
  • random sampling
  • stratified sampling
  • opportunity sampling
  • systematic sampling
19
Q

what is random sampling?

A

everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being selected

20
Q

what is an advantage of random sampling?

A

eliminates sampling bias

21
Q

what is a disadvantage of random sampling?

A

difficult to achieve.

22
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A

take a large group of people and ‘funnel’ them to get a representative of the whole population

23
Q

what is an advantage of stratified sampling?

A

highly representative and therefore can be generalised

24
Q

what is a disadvantage of stratified sampling?

A

very time consuming and difficult to carry out

25
Q

what is opportunity sampling?

A

using people from the target population that are available and willing to take part

26
Q

what is an advantage of opportunity sampling?

A

quick and easy

27
Q

what is a disadvantage of opportunity sampling?

A

may not be representative

28
Q

what is the alternative hypothesis?

A

alternative states that there is a relationship between the two variables being studies (one variable has an effect on the other)

29
Q

what is the null hypothesis?

A
  • states there is no relationship

- results are sue to chance

30
Q

what is a non directional hypothesis?

A

-two tailed non directional hypothesis predicts that the independent variable will have an effect on the dependent

31
Q

what is a directional hypothesis?

A

a one tailed directional hypothesis predicts the nature of the effect of the IV on the DV

32
Q

what are the experimental designs?

A
  • independent measures
  • repeated measures
  • matched pairs
33
Q

what is independent measures?

A

different pps are used in each condition for IV

34
Q

what is repeated measures?

A

same pps take part in each condition of the independent variable

35
Q

what is matched pairs?

A

each condition uses different pps but are matched for their important characteristics e.g. IQ

FINISHED A LEVEL (6 decks)

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