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finished a level > biopsychology > Flashcards

biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 subsystems of the nervous system?

A
  • central nervous system

- peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

what is the CNS made up of?

A
  • spinal cord

- brain

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3
Q

what is the PNS further divided into?

A
  • autonomic nervous system

- somatic nervous system

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4
Q

what does the ANS control?

A

vital functions such as:

  • breathing
  • heart rate
  • digestion
  • sexual arousal
  • stress responses
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5
Q

what does the somatic nervous system control?

A
  • controls muscle movement

- receives information from sensory receptors

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6
Q

what works alongside the nervous system to control vital functions?

A

endocrine system

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7
Q

what hormone does the thyroid gland release and what effect does this have?

A
  • releases thyroxine
  • affects heart rate(increases)
  • also increases metabolic rates
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8
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system further broken down into?

A
  • sympathetic

- parasympathetic

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9
Q

what is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

-maintains normal resting state

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10
Q

what does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A
  • prepares the body for fight or flight

- e.g increased heart rate, dilated pupils etc

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11
Q

what happens in a fight or flight response?

A

stressor perceived –> changes from parasympathetic to sympathetic state –> hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland –> stimulated adrenal glands produce adrenaline
this is the flight or fight response

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12
Q

what are the 3 types of neurone?

A
  • motor
  • sensory
  • relay
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13
Q

state the process of a signal crossing a synapse

A

see page 5 in biopsychology workbook

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14
Q

what is the holistic theory?

A

the idea that all of the brain is used for all functions

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15
Q

what is the localisation of function?

A

the idea that different parts of the brain control different areas

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16
Q

who supports the idea of localisations of function?

A
  • Broca

- Wernicke

17
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
18
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

this is the motor area

19
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

A
  • controls somatosensory area

- how we receive sensory information

20
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

-deals with visual information.

21
Q

what is the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

-deals with speech-based information

22
Q

what is the function of Broca’s area?

A

-speech production

23
Q

what is the function of Wernicke’s area?

A

-understanding language

24
Q

what will happen is Broca’s area is damaged?

A

slow speech that lacks fluency

25
Q

what will happen if Wernicke’s area is damaged?

A

may produce nonsense words

26
Q

what are the evaluation points for localisation of function?

A
  • brain scan evidence (Tulving + Peterson)
  • neurological evidence(Dougherty - OCD patients)
  • Phineas Gage
27
Q

what is brain plasticity?

A
  • the brains ability to make/strengthen or delete neural connections
  • due to experience
28
Q

outline Maguires research.

A
  • studied brains of taxi drivers
  • they found more grey matter in taxi drivers posterior hippocampus than control group.
  • posterior hippocampus is associated with spatial awareness and navigation
29
Q

outline Draganski’s research.

A
  • medical students
  • tested them 3 months before and after exams
  • LEARNING INDUCED changes were seen.
30
Q

what is functional recovery?

A

following severe trauma the brain can compensate for the damaged areas.

31
Q

what is axonal sprouting?

A

growth of new nerve endings which connect with other undamaged nerve cells to form new pathways.

32
Q

what is the real life applications of functional recovery?

A

-neurorehabilitation

33
Q

what is negative plasticity?

A
  • the brains ability to rewire can be maladaptive

- phantom limb syndrome

34
Q

what is the relationship between age and plasticity?

A

-plasticity tend to reduce with age

35
Q

what are the ways investigating the brain?

A
  • fMRI
  • EEG
  • ERPs
  • post mortem examinations

finished a level (6 decks)

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