Research Methods I actually dk Flashcards
what’s standardisation?
using the exact same formalised procedures and instructions for every single participant involved. this can eliminate extraneous variables
what’s a quasi experiment?
the independent variable hasn’t been determined by the researcher but naturally exists meaning + controlled conditions can be replicated. + high internal validity. - can’t randomly allocate people. - may be confounding variables.
what’s stratified sampling?
the composition of the sample reflects varying proportions of people in sub-groups within a wider population. you identify the strat and calculate the required proportions. + no researcher bias. - time consuming to identify strata
what’s the solution to independent group design?
random allocation solves lack of control over participant variables. it ensures each participant has an equal chance of being in either condition
what’s the solution to repeated measures?
counter-balancing. half the group do conditions in one order and the other half do the other order.
what’s a single-bind procedure?
when the researcher doesn’t tell the participants if they are being given a test or control treatment. this prevents bias and demand characteristics.
what’s a double blind procedure?
when the researcher and the participant don’t know who is receiving which treatment. this prevents bias and investigator effect as the researcher can’t unconsciously give clues.
what’s naturalistic observation?
watching behaviour where it normally takes place. + high ecological / external validity. - uncontrolled extraneous / confounding variables.
what’s controlled observation?
watching behaviour in a structured environment. + easily replicated and controlled variables. - low mundane realism so low ecological validity.
what’s overt observation?
the participants are aware they are being recorded. + ethical acceptable. - demand characteristics are likely.
what’s covert observation?
the participants are unaware they’re being watched and recorded. + high internal validity. - ethical issues as informed consent isn’t being given.
what’s participant observation?
the researcher is apart of the group that is being observed. + more insightful and increases validity. - researcher may lose objectivity as they start to identify too strongly with the group.
