Research Methods Keywords Flashcards
1
Q
Identify and explain the two groups used in studies.
A
- Control group: No experimental treatment, acts as a baseline.
- Experimental group: The group recieving the manipulated variable.
2
Q
What is reliability?
A
- Reliability: How easily the study can be replicated.
3
Q
Identify and explain the two kinds of reliability.
A
- Inter-reliabilty: When multiple judges agree on a conclusion.
- Test retest: How strong the stability of results when retested over a period of time.
4
Q
What is validity and the two major categories of it?
A
- Validity: The accuracy of the study.
- Internal Validity: The degree of confidence that the causal relationship being tested is trustworthy.
- External Validity: How well the study applies to real life.
5
Q
Identify and explain the three types of internal validity.
A
- Triangulation: The use of many studies on one hypothesis.
- Predictive Validity: The extent of which one measure can predict future performance on a similar criterion.
- Construct Validity: How far the measure used is a useful indicator for the aim of the study.
6
Q
Identify and explain the three types of external validity.
A
- Population Validity: How far the findings apply to a larger population than the sample.
- Ecological Validity: The extent to which research can be generalised to real life.
- Mundane Realism: (Task Validity) How well do the study’s tasks reflect real life tasks.
7
Q
What are the four kinds of sampling methods?
A
- Random
- Stratified
- Volunteer
- Opportunity
8
Q
Explain random sampling.
A
- Using randomisation to create the groups.
9
Q
Explain stratified sampling.
A
- Taking a representative % of each subgroup in a target population.
10
Q
Explain volunteer sampling.
A
- When participant self select to take part in a study.
10
Q
Explain opportunity sampling.
A
- Taking a sample of people based on their availability.
10
Q
What’s the difference between independent and dependent variables?
A
- Independent variables are the ones we manipulate.
- Dependent variables are the ones we measure.
11
Q
What’s the difference between situational and participant variables?
A
- Situational variables are environmental factors that affect results.
- Participant variables are differences between participants that alter results.
11
Q
What’s the difference between extraneous variables and confounding variables?
A
- Extraneous variables are those that affect the DV.
- Confounding variables are those affecting the lV and DV.
11
Q
Name and define the two main types of hypotheses.
A
- Null hypothesis states there will be no relationship between variables.
- Experimental hypothesis states there will be a relationship between the variables.
