research methods & theory Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is Giddens’ structuration theory?
That individuals shape society through agency while being influenced by social structures, emphasizing the duality of structure.
What are the two main theoretical perspectives in sociology?
Structuralist (macro, grand scale) and social action (micro, small scale) perspectives.
What are the four components of the PET approach in choosing research methods?
Practical considerations, Ethical considerations, Theoretical considerations, and the specific research method’s validity, reliability, and representativeness
How does Goffman’s dramaturgical model describe social interactions?
As performances where individuals play roles and manage impressions based on social expectations
What is dual system feminism?
A perspective that combines Marxist and radical feminist ideas, viewing gender and class oppression as two interconnected systems
What do feminists argue about social policy and gender?
That policies often reinforce patriarchy and male dominance, maintaining gender inequalities.
What is simulacra?
Copies that lose their connection to the original and come to replace reality, often seen in staged media.
What does realism suggest about sociology as a science?
That sociology can be scientific in open systems where underlying structures and effects can be observed.
What does postmodernism challenge in traditional sociology?
Grand narratives, universal truths, and claims of objective knowledge, emphasizing diversity and relativism.
What does Marx predict will happen after the proletariat revolution?
The abolition of the state, creation of a classless society, ending exploitation and alienation.
What are the main reasons sociologists conduct research?
To collect data, develop knowledge, establish cause and effect, advise on social policy, change laws, and gain fame or influence.
Name the five main sampling methods used in sociology.
Random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, quota sampling, opportunity sampling.
What does Marxist feminism link women’s oppression to?
Capitalism and economic production, viewing gender inequality as intertwined with class exploitation.
What is symbolic interactionism’s focus?
How individuals create meaning through social interactions, especially via symbols and language.
What are internal criticisms of Marxism?
Questioning aspects of the theory itself, such as determinism and the inevitability of revolution.
What does difference feminism emphasize about women’s experiences?
That women are not a homogeneous group and face different forms of oppression based on race, class, and sexuality.
What is Lyotard’s main criticism of meta-narratives?
That they are all-encompassing stories that no longer hold credibility, leading to fragmentation and diversity of perspectives.
