Research methods : Types Of Experiment Flashcards

1
Q

What is a laboratory experiment ?

A

An experiment that takes place in a controlled environment within which the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect on the DV. Whilst maintaining strict control of extraneous variables

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2
Q

What is a field experiment ?

A

An experiment that takes place in a natural setting within which the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect of the DV

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3
Q

What is a natural experiment ?

A

An experiment where the change in the IV is not brought about by the researcher but would have happened even if the researcher had not been there. The researcher records the effect on the dv

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4
Q

Quasi experiment

A

a study that is almost an experiment but the IV has not been determined by anyone. The variables simply exist such as being old or young .

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5
Q

Which experiment has highest control over IV ?

A

Lab experiment

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6
Q

Which experiment has lowest level of control over IV

A

Natural

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7
Q

Which experiment has middle level of control over IV

A

Field experiment

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8
Q

Which experiment has the lowest ecological validity

A

Lab experiment

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9
Q

Which experiment has the highest level of ecological validity

A

natural experiment

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10
Q

Which experiment strikes a balance between control of the IV and having ecological validity

A

Field experiment

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11
Q

In what two experiments is the IV controlled and manipulated by the researcher ?

A

Lab and field experiment

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12
Q

In what two experiments is the IV not controlled and manipulated by the researcher

A

Natural and quasi experiment

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13
Q

In what experiment is the IV controlled

A

Lab experiment

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14
Q

In what two experiments is the environment not controlled

A

Field and natural

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15
Q

Internal validity of lab experiment

A

High internal validity due to high control over extraneous variables

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16
Q

External validity

A

Low external validity as environment is artificial . Results cannot be generalised as task may not represent real life

17
Q

Ethical issues of lab experiment

A

No ethical issues as partcipants generally know they are taking part

18
Q

Reliability of types of experiment ( replication ) ?

A

Yes high control over variables allows replication to occur especially to check results

19
Q

Demand characteristics of lab experiment

A

Yes because participants know they are in a study they may guess the aim and change their behaviour leading to results not being as valid

20
Q

Internal validity of field experiment

A

Low control so low internal validity as increased risk of extraneous variables due to lower control

21
Q

External validity of field experiment

A

Higher level of validity as setting is more natural and takes is more representative of population

22
Q

Are there ethical issues in field experiments ?

A

Yes as participants are often unaware they are taking part in research

23
Q

Reliability of field experiment ?

A

Envirmoment is less controlled

Cannot be easily replicated

24
Q

Demand characteristics of field experiment

A

Participants don’t know that they are taking part so act in a natural way

25
Internal validity of natural experiments ?
Increased risk of extraneous variables due to lower levels of control and no random allocation
26
External validity of natural experiment
High as setting is natural soo results can be generalised as it is would have happened anyway
27
Ethical issues of natural experiment
No as the events would of happened anyway and researchers just making use of them happening
28
Reliability of natural experiment
It is a one off occasion so can’t be replicated
29
Demand characteristics of natural experiment
Participants are responding to something researchers have no control over
30
Internal validity of quasi experiment
Carried out in lab conditions so high control over extraneous variables
31
External validity of quasi experiment
Environment artificial so results can’t be easily generalised beyond the setting and doesn’t represent real life experiences
32
Ethical issues of quasi experiment
Partcipants know that they are in a study
33
Reliability of quasi experiment
High level of control allows replication to occur to check accuracy of results
34
Demand of characteristics quasi experiment
Participants know that they are being tested so there is a chance of them guessing the aim and changing behaviour