Research Project Flashcards
What is the name of the antibiotic classified as a Macrolide?
Azithromycin
Azithromycin is also known as an Azalide antibiotic.
What is the molecular formula of Azithromycin?
C₃₈H₇₂N₂O₁₂
What is the molecular weight of Azithromycin?
748.98 g/mol
What is the IUPAC name of Azithromycin?
Derived from Erythromycin A with nitrogen in the macrocycle
What is the structure characteristic of Azithromycin?
15-membered lactone ring (azalide)
What unique feature does the lactone ring of Azithromycin contain?
One nitrogen atom
What sugar residues are present in Azithromycin?
- Desosamine
- Modified cladinose
What is the target of Azithromycin’s mechanism of action?
50S ribosomal subunit
What action does Azithromycin perform on protein synthesis?
Inhibits protein synthesis (translocation step)
What is the effect of Azithromycin on bacteria?
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal (dose-dependent)
What is the starting material for the synthesis of Azithromycin?
Erythromycin A
What key step is involved in the semi-synthetic synthesis of Azithromycin?
Beckmann rearrangement → introduces nitrogen
What is a result of the synthesis of Azithromycin?
More acid-stable, longer half-life
How is Azithromycin administered?
- Oral
- IV
What is the bioavailability of Azithromycin?
~37%
What is the half-life of Azithromycin?
~68 hours
How is Azithromycin primarily excreted?
Mostly via bile (feces)
What are common uses of Azithromycin?
- Respiratory infections
- Ear/skin infections
- STIs (e.g., chlamydia)
- MAC infections in HIV patients
What is an advantage of Azithromycin over erythromycin?
Better acid stability
What is the dosing frequency for Azithromycin due to its long half-life?
Once daily
What are common side effects of Azithromycin?
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
What are some rare side effects of Azithromycin?
- QT prolongation
- Liver issues
- Allergy
What are some trade names for Azithromycin?
- Zithromax
- Azithral
- Azee
