Research Study 3

Question 1

why are there cultural differences in effects of physical discipline on children?

Answer 1

• Deater-Deckert and Dodge: perceptions of normativeness (if a culture thinks spanking is normal, they wouldn’t perceive negative effects on child and vice versa)
• Rohner: perception of maternal hostility (if the mom who spanks is seen as hostile, they expect negative effects on the child and vice versa)

Question 2

Independent variables and dependent variables in this study

Answer 2

• IVs: physical discipline, harsh verbal discipline

- DVs: child aggression, child anxiety

Question 3

which country had lowest levels of parental reported physical discipline?

Answer 3

Thailand

Question 4

which country had highest levels of parental reported physical discipline?

Answer 4

India

Question 5

which country had lowest levels of parental reported harsh verbal discipline?

Answer 5

Philippines

Question 6

which country had highest levels of parental reported harsh verbal discipline?

Answer 6

India

Question 7

which country had lowest levels of child perceived normativeness for physical discipline?

Answer 7

Thailand

Question 8

which country had highest levels of child perceived normativeness for physical discipline?

Answer 8

India

Question 9

which country had lowest levels of child perceived normativeness for hash verbal discipline?

Answer 9

China

Question 10

which country had highest levels of child perceived normativeness for harsh verbal discipline?

Answer 10

India

Question 11

from what country did children report lowest levels of perceived parental hostility?

Answer 11

China

Question 12

from what country did children report highest levels of perceived parental hostility?

Answer 12

Philippines

Question 13

do research findings suggest there is a positive association between physical discipline and children’s anxiety and aggression?

Answer 13

it depends on who’s reporting - mother’s report of child aggression and anxiety says yes; child’s report of child aggression and anxiety says no

Question 14

do research findings suggest there is a positive association between harsh verbal discipline and children’s anxiety and aggression?

Answer 14

it depends on who’s reporting - mother’s report of child aggression and anxiety says yes; child’s report of child aggression and anxiety says no

Question 15

do children’s perceptions of hostility affect the association between mother’s discipline and child adjustment?

Answer 15

yes (except mother’s report of child anxiety)

Question 16

do children’s perceptions of normativeness affect the association between mother’s discipline and children’s adjustment?

Answer 16

• physical discipline: no

- harsh verbal discipline: yes

Question 17

Research findings by McLoyd and Smith

Answer 17

• perception of maternal support

- if there’s high maternal support, negative effects of spanking are lessened/not present (and vice versa)