Research / Theories

Question 1

Rolls, Rolls & Rowe (1982)

Answer 1

Support for Positive Incentive Theory of eating. More sandwiches were consumed when offered with 3 different fillings, and more pasta with a variety of shapes.

Question 2

Garfinkel & Gardner (1982)

Answer 2

Hypothalamus dysfunction theory explanation for anorexia nervosa. Disturbed hypothalamus function leads to a lack of ‘weight thermostat’. Grey matter atrophy in AN, and BMI is associated with hypothalamus grey matter.

Question 3

Hypothalamus dysfunction theory explanation for anorexia nervosa.

Answer 3

Garfinkel & Gardner (1982)

Question 4

Support for Positive Incentive Theory of eating. More sandwiches were consumed when offered with 3 different fillings, and more pasta with a variety of shapes.

Answer 4

Rolls, Rolls & Rowe (1982)

Question 5

Schacter & Singer (1962)

Answer 5

Condition-plus feedback theory

Question 6

Condition-plus feedback theory

Answer 6

Schacter & Singer (1962)

Question 7

Maclean (1952)

Answer 7

Revised Papez circuit to include amygdala

Question 8

Revised Papez circuit to include amygdala

Answer 8

Maclean (1952)

Question 9

Pollatos (2007)

Answer 9

Evidence for insula activity correlating with perception of bodily states. Used heartbeat detection task to categorise high/low awareness of body state. More aware = higher insula activity and experienced intensity of emotions.

Question 10

Evidence for insula activity correlating with perception of bodily states. Used heartbeat detection task to categorise high/low awareness of body state.

Answer 10

Pollatos (2007)

Question 11

Bard (1928)

Answer 11

Showed hypothalamus was critical for aggression expression, and cortex for inhibition and direction of these expressions.

Question 12

Showed hypothalamus was critical for aggression expression, and cortex for inhibition and direction of these expressions.

Answer 12

Bard (1928)

Question 13

Hess

Answer 13

Stimulation of hypothalamus could provoke a rage response. Medial vs Lateral.

Question 14

Ohman & Dolan (1998)

Answer 14

Unconscious emotions - angry faces conditioned with unpleasant stimulus, response produced without participants knowing.

Question 15

Unconscious emotions - angry faces conditioned with unpleasant stimulus, response produced without participants knowing.

Answer 15

Ohman & Dolan (1998)

Question 16

Claparede

Answer 16

Unconscious emotions - hid pin in hand for patient hand shake, next day patient didn’t want to shake hands and didn’t know why.

Question 17

Unconscious emotions - hid pin in hand for patient hand shake, next day patient didn’t want to shake hands and didn’t know why.

Answer 17

Claparede

Question 18

Lashley

Answer 18

Claimed there was no specific declarative memory area in brain - whole brain involved. DISPROVED.

Question 19

Claimed there was no specific declarative memory area in brain - whole brain involved. DISPROVED.

Answer 19

Lashley

Question 20

E. T. Rolls

Answer 20

Neurons in inferotemporal cortex can become tuned to a certain face and fire when face is shown.

Question 21

Neurons in inferotemporal cortex can become tuned to a certain face and fire when face is shown.

Answer 21

E. T. Rolls

Question 22

Fioriti (2015)

Answer 22

Evidence for protein synthesis inhibitors leading to LTP and LTM deficits.Mice lacking protein for gene translation couldn’t discriminate anywhere near as well on object placement recognition 24 hours after. Short-term effects were the same but long-term majorly affected.

Question 23

Mice lacking protein for gene translation couldn’t discriminate anywhere near as well on object placement recognition 24 hours after.

Answer 23

Fioriti (2015)

Question 24

O’Keefe & Dostrovsky (1971)

Answer 24

Discovered place cells in hippocampus.

Question 25

Discovered place cells in hippocampus.

Answer 25

O'Keefe & Dostrovsky (1971)

Question 26

Maguire (2000)

Answer 26

Larger hippocampal volume in London taxi drivers vs controls - evidence for place cells in humans.

Question 27

Larger hippocampal volume in London taxi drivers vs controls.

Answer 27

Maguire (2000)

Question 28

Coltheart (2001)

Answer 28

Dual-route theory of reading - dorsal route (phonetic decoding) and ventral route (semantic mapping onto words).

Question 29

Dual-route theory of reading.

Answer 29

Coltheart (2001)

Question 30

Xie (2013)

Answer 30

Clearance of toxic waste products is twice as fast during sleep - evidence for restoration theory of sleep.

Question 31

Clearance of toxic waste products is twice as fast during sleep.

Answer 31

Xie (2003)

Question 32

Randy Gardner

Answer 32

Stayed awake for 11 days straight.

Question 33

Stayed awake for 11 days straight.

Answer 33

Randy Gardner

Question 34

Hobson & McCarley (1977)

Answer 34

Activation-synthesis model of dreaming.

Question 35

Activation-synthesis model of dreaming.

Answer 35

Hobson & McCarley (1977)

Question 36

Plihal (1999)

Answer 36

Partial sleep deprivation effect on memory. Early retention interval sleep benefits declarative, late retention interval sleep benefits procedural.

Question 37

Partial sleep deprivation effect on memory.

Answer 37

Plihal (1999)

Question 38

Turner's syndrome

Answer 38

2nd X-chromosome in women missing/altered.

Question 39

2nd X-chromosome in women missing/altered.

Answer 39

Turner's syndrome

Question 40

Klinefelter's syndrome

Answer 40

Male additional X-chromosome.

Question 41

Male additional X-chromosome.

Answer 41

Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 42

LeVay (1991)

Answer 42

Gay men have a sexually dimorphic nucleus half the size of straight men.

Question 43

Gay men have a sexually dimorphic nucleus half the size of straight men.

Answer 43

LeVay (1991)

Question 44

Heim & Hursch (1979)

Answer 44

50% of sex criminals stopped sexual behaviour after castration, 25% gradual decline, 10% no change.

Question 45

50% of sex criminals stopped sexual behaviour after castration.

Answer 45

Heim & Hursch (1979)

Question 46

Roeder (1999)

Answer 46

Blind participants were better at locating a peripheral speaker than sighted - due to compensatory reorganisation of brain areas. Both were the same at locating a central speaker.

Question 47

Blind participants were better at locating a peripheral speaker than sighted.

Answer 47

Roeder (1999)

Question 48

Classen (1998)

Answer 48

Less than 30 mins of thumb twitching altered motor cortex thumb representation. Evidence for motor plasticity.

Question 49

Less than 30 mins of thumb twitching altered motor cortex thumb representation.

Answer 49

Classen (1998)

Question 50

Butefisch (2000)

Answer 50

Administering drugs that block NMDA activation prevented motor cortex reorganisation.

Question 51

Administering drugs that block NMDA activation prevented motor cortex reorganisation.

Answer 51

Butefisch (2000)

Question 52

Draganski (2004)

Answer 52

Juggling training in adults for just 3 months increased hippocampal brain volume. Evidence for neurogenesis in adult hippocampus.

Question 53

Juggling training in adults for just 3 months increased hippocampal brain volume.

Answer 53

Draganski (2004)

Question 54

Erickson (2011)

Answer 54

Aerobic training led to a 2% increase in hippocampal volume VS a 1.4% decrease from stretching. Evidence for exercise promoting neurogenesis.

Question 55

Aerobic training led to a 2% increase in hippocampal volume VS a 1.4% decrease from stretching.

Answer 55

Erickson (2011)

Question 56

James-Lange theory

Answer 56

Experience of emotion is the awareness of physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

Question 57

Experience of emotion is the awareness of physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

Answer 57

James-Lange theory

Question 58

Cannon-Bard

Answer 58

Perception of a stimulus elicits both a physiological reaction and emotional response simultaneously.

Question 59

Perception of a stimulus elicits both a physiological reaction and emotional response simultaneously.

Answer 59

Cannon-Bard

Question 60

Darwin's theory of emotion

Answer 60

Outward expression of emotions is: a product of evolution, innate & adaptive, serviceable, a communication function.

Question 61

Outward expression of emotions is: a product of evolution, innate & adaptive, serviceable, a communication function.

Answer 61

Darwin's theory