Residential Space

Question 1

what is advanced marginality?

Answer 1

• related/from the ghetto
  -spatial and social segregation
  -exclusion from economic prosperity
  -limited access to state services and consumer goods

Question 2

what is the contested boundaries theory?

Answer 2

-people call 311 more frequently to complain about neighbors/’strange’ people at “fuzzy” neighborhood boundaries than at well-defined boundaries

Question 3

what is environmental justice?

Answer 3

• the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies
• goal: addressing people of color’s disproportionate exposure to environmental toxins

Question 4

what is environmental racism?

Answer 4

• any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (regardless of intention) individuals, groups, or communities based on race

Question 5

what is gerrymandering?

Answer 5

-the process by which elected politicians redraw and manipulate the borders of political districts to secure political advantage
-packing: concentrating voters of one type
-cracking: spreading out voters of one type

Question 6

what is the ghetto?

Answer 6

-part of a city that is almost exclusively inhabited by members of one racial/ethnic group to which virtually all members of that group are restricted

Question 7

what is the index of dissimilarity?

Answer 7

-a measure of residential segregation between any 2 groups
- where 0= total integration and 100=total segregation

Question 8

what is NIMBYism?

Answer 8

-the common narrative of objection to the siting of something perceived as unpleasant or hazardous near one’s home, especially while raising no such objects to similar developments elsewhere
-“not in my backyard”

Question 9

what is racial residential segregation?

Answer 9

-milwaukee is the most segregated city in the US

Question 10

what is redlining?

Answer 10

-the practice of denying mortgage loans for homes in non-white neighborhoods
-banks took literal red markers and drew lines around neighborhoods that were “too risky” to rent to

Question 11

what is urban renewal?

Answer 11

-the process of white residents moving back into urban center from the suburbs
–results in the destruction of black neighborhoods, the eviction of all black residents, and the creation of shopping centers or hospitals in their place

Question 12

what are white anti-racists?

Answer 12

-white citizens who sold homes to people of color, were active in NAACP efforts, and created organizations such as the Detroit Interracial Committee

Question 13

what is white fight?

Answer 13

-working-class white families who couldn’t afford to leave tried to ward off families of color with intimidation, protests, and violence
-neighborhoods associations created to defend white property

Question 14

what is white flight?

Answer 14

-the phenomenon of white residents moving out of the city yo the suburbs beginning in the 1950s as more non-whites move into their neighborhoods
-main cause of racial residential segregation

Question 15

What is the Great Migration?

Answer 15

-the massive movement of blacks from the rural south to the urban north
-motivated by desire to escape jim crow laws, economic oppression, and racial terrorism destroying black neighborhoods, evicting all black residents, putting up shopping centers or hospitals in their place
-spurred by job shortages in the south and job vacancies in the north, people seeking better and safer living conditions

Question 16

what is the new great migration?

Answer 16

-a large number of black people move to the south from the midwest. spurred by deindustrialization in the north, low cost of living in the south, more job opportunities in the south, race relations improved in the south

Question 17

what is the civil rights act of 1968 ? (aka fair housing act?)

Answer 17

• prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental. and financing of housing based on race, religion, gender, disability, national origin, families w/children
  -factors that led to its passage: 1)Chicago Open House Movement and 2) assassination of MLK Jr

Question 18

what is Gill v. Whitford?

Answer 18

-supreme court rules that extreme partisan gerrymandering is unconstitutional, but that the supreme court had no precedent determining what counts as “extreme partisan gerrymandering”

Question 19

what is rucho v. common cause?

Answer 19

-in response to gerrymandering districts in North Carolina that favored republicans and in baltimore that favored democrats; ruled that partisan gerrymandering was a political question and thus fell outside the jurisdiction of the court