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biology > Resipatory System > Flashcards

Resipatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Name four parts of the respiratory system ?

A

1) trachea
2) lungs
3) ribs
4) diaphragm

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2
Q

What is bulk flow ?

A

Bull flow moves large #!of molecules quickly

Once oxygen gets near the blood then simple diffusion occurs

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3
Q

When your lungs are empty your diaphragm relaxes

True of false

A

True

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4
Q

What is the diaphragm ?

A

A set of muscles that separate your thorax from your abdomen

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5
Q

When you breathe in air your diaphragm contracts

True or false

A

True

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6
Q

What are the external intercostal muscles functions ?

A

They loft the ribs up and out causing the chest cavity to expand

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7
Q

What is the function of the respiratory function ?

A

It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood

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8
Q

Name the two Tracts of the respiratory system

A

Upper Tract
- nose
-nasal cavity
Pharynx and associated structures

Lower tract
-larynx , teaches , bronchi , lungs

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9
Q

What are the five external parts of the nose?

A 
Hyaline cartilage 
Nasal bone
Maxmilla
Fatty tissues
External nares (nostril)
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10
Q

Name three parts of the internal portion of the nasal cavity

A

1) paranasal sinus
Channels that open to allow the passage of air

2) olfactory epithelium
3) nasal concha , slows down incoming air

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11
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nasal cavity (nose)?

A

1( Moistens and filters incoming air

2) smell (olfactory epithelium )
3) alters speech sounds through the paranasal sinuses

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12
Q

How does the nasal cavity Function over all ?

A

Air is warmer by underlying blood vessels

Then the mucus membrane secreted mucus and water

This helps the nostril hair trap mucus and incoming foreign particles

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13
Q

Describe three major details of the respiratory epithelium ?

A

1) the epithelium is ciliated
2) contains mucus secreting goblet cells
4) the epithelium stretches from the nasal cavity to the bronchi

The epithelium skin type is pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

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14
Q

What are the three parts that divide the pharynx ?

A

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

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15
Q

What is the function of the larynx ?

A

Connects the pharynx and trachea together ( trachea has vocal cords)

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16
Q

What are the four functions of then pharynx ?

A

1) passage way for food and air
2) houses tonsils
3) had auditory tube openings
4) alters speech sounds

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17
Q

What is the epiglottis ?

A

An elastic cartilage flap that regulates the opening of the larynx

Allows air in lungs when open
Prevents passage of food in lungs when closed

18
Q

Describe the trachea in 3 ways

A

1) stretched from larynx o bronchi
2) c shaped cartilage rings in the trachea
3) trachea is lined with the respiratory epithelium .

19
Q

The trachea is located anterior to the esophagus

True or false ?

A

True !

20
Q

Describe 3 factors about the lungs ?

A

Lungs located in the thoracic cavity

Extend from the base of diaphragm and superior to the apex clavicles

Anterior , lateral

Posterior we lied against the ribs

21
Q

What is a pleural membrane ?

A

A double layered serous membrane where fluid or air enters

Also contains small amt of pleural fluid to reduce friction on the luge surface when breathing

22
Q

What are the two kinds of pleural membranes ?

A

1) parietal pleura membrane
- adheres to the chest wall

2) visceral pleura membrane
Adheres to the lung surface

23
Q

The bronchial tree

Has two airways through the lungs , what are the two airways ?

A

1) conduction airways
- conducts air to the alveoli

2) respiratory airways
- participate in gas exchange

24
Q

What is 6 branches off the bronchial tree ? Hint starts from trachea

A 
Trachea 
Primary bronchi (left and right) 
Secondary bronchi  (to each lobe)
Tertiary bronchi
Terminal bronchi
25
Q

What is the bronchial tree ?

A

The bronchial tree are airways beyond the trachea that branch through out the lungs by two air ways

1) conducting airways
- conduct air to the alveoli

2) respiratory airways
- participate in gas exchange

26
Q

What are the four things included in respiratory system ?

A

1) respiratory bronchioles

2( alveolar ducts

3( alveolar sacs shared my common opening

4 alveoli

27
Q

What are lobules ?

A

The.basic functional unit of the lungs

It’s a single terminal bronchiole

28
Q

Blood supply to each lobule includes 4 things

A

1 a pulmonary arteriole
(Deoxygenated blood)

2 capillaries ( for gas exchange )

3 a pulmonary Venice ( oxygenated )

4 lymphatic vessels ( pick up excess fluid , debris and microorganisms)

29
Q

Alveoli is composed of three cells ?

A

1) alveolar cells( thin simple squamous for gas exchange )

2 surfactant - secreting cells
Surfactant is a fluid lining the inside surface of the alveoli

30
Q

What are surfactant secreting cells ?

A

A fluid lining the inside surface of alveoli to prevent collapse during expiration

31
Q

Inhalation is —

Exhalation is —-

A

Inspiration

Expiration

Does. Not refer to the process of gas exchange through the alveoli

32
Q

What happens during inhalation ?

A
  • muscles contract
  • diaphragm flattens
  • intercoastal muscles
  • the thoracic cavity increase in size
33
Q

What are the 5 pressure changes during inhalation ?

A

1) thoracic cavity volume increase
2) lungs expand
3) therefore air pressure in lungs decrease
4) pressure inside is lower than pressure outside
5) air enters lungs down its pressure gradient

34
Q

What happens during exhalation ?

A

Inside muscles relax
Lungs and chest recoil
Volume decrease in thoracic cavity
Air flows out of the lungs

Abdominals are used for forceful exhalation ex exercise or coughing

35
Q

What is the function of the alveoli ?

A

Functions in gas exchange by passive diffusion also known as respiration

36
Q

What two ways can gases be exchanged ?

A

Pulmonary - occurs at the alveoli

Or

Systemic - occurs at the tissues

37
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin and its function

A

Hemoglobin. Hinds to oxygen crating oxyhemoglobin so it can be carried to transport oxygen

38
Q

What are the three functions of respiratory control centre ?

A

1) regulate activation of respiratory muscles
2) frequent contraction

3) muscles activated when deep breathing

39
Q

What two factors are involved in the control of respiration?

A

1) medulla oblong are

Controls rhythm of breathing
Responds to inputs from sensory neutrons and pons

2) pons
Receive knot t on the cerebral cortex limbic system and hypothalamus

40
Q

Name two types of chemoreceptors ?

A

Central chemoreceptors

  • location ; brain (medulla oblongata )
  • responds to decrease in ph level
  • responds to an increase in co2 levels

Peripheral chemoreceptors

  • in the aortic arch and arteries
  • sensitive to decrease in Lowe o2 levels in the blood
41
Q

Name six functions of the respiratory centre activity

A 
1 co2 and o2 levels
2 oh of blood
3 stretch of lungs 
4 temperature 
5 emotion 
6 irritants in the air

biology (4 decks)

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