Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Paces > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How might lung function change in patient with transplanted lung with IPF?

A

Lung function could show worsening restrictive pattern suggesting native lung is worsening fibrosis
Or could start to show obstructive pattern if they’re developing bronchiolitis obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common type of chronic lung rejection after transplant?

A

Bronchioloitis obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spirometry for ILD

A

Restrictive pattern
Reduced FEV and FVC with preserved ratio
Reduced total lung capacity and transfer factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of restrictive spirometry

A

Plural disease, motor neuron disease, obesity, and kyphoscoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of upper zone lung fibrosis

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
ABPA
TB
radiation
silicosis and sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of lower zone lung fibrosis

A

IPF, asbestosis, RA, SLE/Sjogren’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Surgical sieve for long fibrosis

A

Auto immune
occupational/environmental
drugs
post infective
smoking
other systemic disorders e.g. sarcoid vasculitis IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why don’t we use suction for pneumothorax?

A

Risk of pulmonary oedema re-expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indication for VATS procedure

A

Lobectomy or wedge resection, bullectomy, lung reduction, pleurectomy, biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indications for surgical management of pneumothorax

A

Recurring pneumothorax or ongoing air leak despite drain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indications for surgical management of pneumothorax

A

Recurring pneumothorax or ongoing air leak despite drain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pros and cons of VAT versus open thoracotomy

A

That is less invasive, less pain less wound infection
That has slightly higher risk of recurrent pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is ABPA?

A

Fungal infection in asthmatics/ CF/ immunosuppressed due to sensitivity to aspergillosis antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Increased asthma exacerbations, weight loss, sinusitis = ?

A

APBA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ABPA CT findings

A

Bronchiectatic changes, centrilobular nodules, tree in bud appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peak flow pattern in asthma

A

Low peak flow in am and diurnal variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does spirometry differ in asthma compared to COPD?

A

Both obstructive with reduced FEV and preserved FVC
Asthma shows reversibility ie improvement of at least 15%
Gas transfer is reduced in COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Common organisms in cystic fibrosis

A

In children staph aureus
Adults pseudomonas and non tv mycobacterium
burkholderia which is bad prognosis and contraindication to lung transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Management of CF

A

MDT!
1. Daily transfer physio including postural drainage.
2. Nebulisers including mucolytics e.g. hypertonic saline and recombinase
3. Azithromycin and regular courses of antibiotics.
4. Pancreatic enzymes and fat soluble vitamins.
5. Nutritional supplements or NGO peg feeding.
6. CFTR modulator Med is.
7. Insulin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

A

Screening with the Guthrie test as newborn and then go onto test for the commonest CFTR mutations and perform a sweat test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Indications for pneumonectomy

A

Trauma
Cancer
Chronic infections eg TB or fungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can you differentiate between an exudate and transudate on a plural tap?

Study These Flashcards
A

Using lights criteria if protein levels are between 25 and 35

23
Q

Indications for lung transplant

Study These Flashcards
A

2 wet 2 dry
Cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis pulmonary hypertension pulmonary fibrosis
COPD single rather than double transplant

24
Q

Complications of lung transplant

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute: hyper acute rejection and infection.
Chronic: bronchiolitis obliterans and skin malignancy or lymphoproliferative

25
What is Churg Strauss
Rare small vessel vasculitis Unknown aetiology
26
Features of churg strauss
Late onset asthma, refractory to treatment Allergic rhinitis Polyps Sinusitis Urticarial rash Abdo pain
27
Complications of churg Strauss
Mono neuritis Multiplex, glomerulonephritis, vasculitic rash
28
Churg Strauss diagnosis
Raised eosinophils and IgE PANCA Gold standard is biopsy of affected tissue
29
Commonest gene mutation for CF
Delta F508
30
Features of CF
Respiratory: bronchiectasis Pancreatic insufficiency Recurrent infections: long-term venous access Diabetes Infertility Gallstones kidney stones constipation Pulmonary hypertension
31
Clinical findings differences between pneumonectomy and lobectomy
Trachea - may be deviated in L but will be in P Breath sounds - reduced or normal in L, absent in P Percussion - dull in P (normal in L)
32
Strongest association lung cancer with smoking
Squamous
33
Main indication for bronchial Alviola lavage in pulmonary fibrosis
Exclude any infection before giving immuno suppressant Also if lymphocytes > neutrophils then better response to steroids and better prognosis)sarcoid)
34
Bronchiectasis sign on HRCT
Signet ring sign Thickened dilated bronchi larger than adjacent vascular bundle
35
CXR findings in bronchiectasis
Tramlines Ring shadows
36
Investigations looking for a specific cause of bronchiectasis
Immunoglobulins for hypo Gamma globin anaemia Aspergillus RAST or skin print testing for a BPA Rheumatoid Nares to taste buds in 30 mins (saccharine ciliary motility test) for kartageners Genetic screening for CF Hx f IBD
37
Causes of bronchiectasis
Congenital: kartageners and CF Childhood infection: measles and TB Immune over activity: ABPA, inflammatory bowel disease. Immune under activity: hypo Gamma global anaemia. Aspiration: chronic alcoholics and GORD
38
Complications of bronchiectasis
Core pulmonal Secondary amyloidosis – tip urine for protein Massive haemoptysis
39
Clinical signs of old tuberculosis
Chest deformity and absent ribs – thoracoplasty scar Tracheal deviation to the fibrosis. Reduced expansion. Dull percussion but present tactile vocal fremitus Crackles and bronchial breathing
40
Side effects of tuberculosis drugs
Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy and hepatitis? Rifampicin - hepatitis Ethambutol - retrobulbar neuritis and hepatitis Pyrazinamide - hepatitis.
41
Indications for single versus double lung transplant
Single lung transplant is for dry lung conditions ICOPD and pulmonary fibrosis. Double long transplant is for wet lung conditions i.e. CF bronchiectasis or pulmonary hypertension
42
Clinical features of core pulmonale
Raise JVP Peripheral oedema R ventricular heave Loud P2 with pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation
43
LTOT criteria
Non smoker PaO2 <7.3 on air PaCO2 that doesn’t rise excessively on O2 Improves average survival by 9 months
44
Empyema exudate features
Low glucose PH<7.2
45
Most common organisms causing empyema
Anaerobes Staphylococci Gram neg
46
Pan coast tumour features
Horners + wasted small muscles of hand (T1)
47
Rusty sputum
Pneumococcus
48
Causes of bronchiectasis
Idiopathic Inflammatory ie RA or IBD TB Immunosuppression
49
Pleural effusion causes
Unilateral and no evidence of fluid overload assume exudate: Lung malignancy Infection e.g. para pneumonic effusion CTD ie sarcoid and rheumatoid arthritis Transudate effusions: caused by the failures but also hypoalbuminaemia
50
Lights criteria
You need to perform light criteria on Pleural aspirate The plural fluid is an exudate if The plural protein divided by the serum protein is greater than 0.5 or the pleural LDH divided by the serum LDH is greater than 0.6 or the pleural LDH is greater than 2/3 the upper limits of normal for the serum LDH
51
Indications for lobectomy or pneumonectomy
Non-small cell cancer usually peripheral is lobectomy in a central is pneumonectomy Abscess but could have wedge resection Localised bronchiectasis TB Lung trauma
52
COPD severity
FEV1 <30% very severe 30-50% severe 50-80% moderate >80% but still obstructive is mild
53
Cor pulmonale definition
R Sided cardiac failure secondary to respiratory disease occurs in chronic hypoxia resulting in vasodilation and then pulmonary htn

Paces (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions