resp

Question 1

barking cough

Answer 1

laryngotracheobronchitis

croup

Question 2

what causes epiglottis

Answer 2

h. influenzae

Question 3

what type of influenza causes pandemics

Answer 3

A

Question 4

rx for influenza

Answer 4

neuraminidase inhibitors within 48 hrs (zanamivir)
bed rest
paracetamol

Question 5

acute bronchitis - antibiotics given?

Answer 5

NO, unless there is underlying chronic lung disease in which case give amoxicillin

Question 6

CURB65

Answer 6

confusion 
urea > 19
RR > 30
BP - systolic < 90 or  diastolic < 60
>= 65 y/o

Question 7

CURB65 score of 1

Answer 7

treat at home

Question 8

CURB65 score of 2 or 3

Answer 8

hospitalisation

Question 9

CURB65 score 4 or 5

Answer 9

intensive care unit

Question 10

CAP tx

Answer 10

mild/mod - 7 days of PO amoxicillin

severe - 10 days IV co-amoxiclav + IV clarithromycin/PO doxycycline

Question 11

HAP tx

Answer 11

non-severe - 7 days of amoxicillin + metronidazole

severe - 7-10 days of amoxicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole

Question 12

MRSA pneumonia tx

Answer 12

vancomycin

Question 13

pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia tx

Answer 13

co-trimoxazole

Question 14

fungal pneumonia tx

Answer 14

amphoterecin

Question 15

how long after hospital admission can HAP be diagnosed

Answer 15

only 48 hrs after

Question 16

1st step in COPD management

Answer 16

SABA or SAMA as required

Question 17

2nd step in COPD management

Answer 17

LABA or LAMA (if FEV1 > 50%)

LABA + ICS or LAMA (if FEV1 < 50%)

Question 18

3rd step in COPD management

Answer 18

LAMA + LABA + ICS

Question 19

example of a SAMA

Answer 19

ipratropium

Question 20

example of a LAMA

Answer 20

tiotropium

Question 21

example of a LABA

Answer 21

salmeterol

Question 22

example of a SABA

Answer 22

salbutamol

Question 23

example of an inhaled corticosteroid

Answer 23

beclometasone

Question 24

treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD

Answer 24

I - ipratropium (nebulised)
S - salbutamol (nebulised)
O - oxygen 24%
A - antibiotics if purulent sputum - amoxicillin 
P - prednisolone - oral

Question 25

asthma - PEFR < ? % = life threatening

Answer 25

30%

Question 26

management of acute asthma

Answer 26

``` O - oxygen - 40-60% S - salbutamol (nebulised) H - hydrocortisone (IV) I - ipratropium (nebulised) T - theophylline (oral) M - mag. sulpha (IV) A - anaesthetist! ```

Question 27

diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea if?`

Answer 27

>10-15 apnoeas in any 1hr of sleep

Question 28

most common cause of bronchiectasis

Answer 28

CF

Question 29

type of organism that causes TB

Answer 29

mycobacterium

Question 30

ix for TB

Answer 30

mantoux test | if +ve > PCR of tissue

Question 31

tx for TB

Answer 31

2 months of RIPE | 4 months of RI

Question 32

RIPE + s/e's

Answer 32

rifampicin - orange urine/tears isoniazid - neuropathy pyrazinamide - hepatotoxicity ethambutol - colourblindness > blindness

Question 33

sarcoidosis - type ? hypersensitivity

Answer 33

type 4

Question 34

features of sarcoidosis

Answer 34

``` increased calcium and increased ACE erythema nodosum weight loss uveitis peripheral lymphadenopathy fatigue ```

Question 35

tx of sarcoidosis

Answer 35

oral prednisolone

Question 36

Wegner's granulomatosis affects predom ? arteries lesions where?

Answer 36

small arteries lesions in URT, lungs, kidneys

Question 37

treatment for wagerer's

Answer 37

cyclophosphamide or rituxumab

Question 38

churg-strauss syndrome who does it affect high ? count ? +ve

Answer 38

predom 40 y/o males high blood eosinophil count ANCA +ve

Question 39

symptoms of churg-strauss

Answer 39

``` cold peripheries rhinitis breathless systemic vasculitis cough ```

Question 40

tx of churg-strauss

Answer 40

corticosteroids

Question 41

SLE - caused by chronic type ? HST

Answer 41

type 3

Question 42

honeycombing of lung

Answer 42

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 43

tx of IPF

Answer 43

o2 support, opiates, pirfenidone (anti fibrotic)

Question 44

EAA - type of HST?

Answer 44

type 3

Question 45

EAA - smokers at increased or decreased risk

Answer 45

decreased

Question 46

type of crackles in EAA

Answer 46

course end inspiratory crackles

Question 47

type of crackles in asbestosis

Answer 47

bilateral basal end inspiratory crackles

Question 48

treatment for pneumothorax

Answer 48

needle aspiration - 2nd intercostal space, mid clavicular line chest drain if recurs (5th IC space mid axillary line)

Question 49

transudate

Answer 49

protein < 30 LDH < 200 HF, pericarditis, nephrotic syndrome

Question 50

exudate

Answer 50

protein > 30 LDH > 200 MI, cancer, pneumonia, TB, autoimmunity...

Question 51

resp failure = PaO2 less than ?

Answer 51

8 kPa

Question 52

% o2 to start on when treating someone in type 2 resp failure

Answer 52

24%

Question 53

treating acute resp distress syndrome

Answer 53

treat underlying cause e.g. sepsis diuretics inhaled nitric oxide oxygen

Question 54

pulm HTN is defined as?

Answer 54

pulm artery pressure of >= 25 mmHg at rest

Question 55

what is cor pulmonale

Answer 55

right sided heart failure due to pulm HTN

Question 56

small cell lung cancer secretes

Answer 56

ACTH

Question 57

squamous cell lung cancer secretes

Answer 57

PTH

Question 58

lung cancer in non smokers

Answer 58

adenocarcinoma