Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1st Year Medicine > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Haemoptysis?

A

Coughing blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uveitis sign of?

A

UC, TB, sarcoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Papilloedema?

A

Chronically raised pCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does trachea deviate in collapse, consolidation, effusion?

A

Towards collapse, consolidation + away from effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reduced chest expansion unilaterally? Bilaterally?

A
  • Uni: pneumothorax, effusion, diaphragm palsy

* Bilateral: restrictive lung disease, hyperinflation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyper-resonance?

A

Emphysema, pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Impaired resonance?

A

Consolidation, raised hemi-diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stony dull?

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal breath sounds?

A

Vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reduced breath sounds?

+ decreased vocal resonance

A

Effusion, collapse, emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transmitted (bronchial) breath sounds?

+ increased vocal resonance

A

Pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis

whispering pectoriloquy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Localised wheeze vs generalised wheeze?

A
  • Localised = tumour

* Generalised = asthma/COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Squeaks + crackles?

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Crepitations? (4)

A

Fibrosis, oedema, consolidation, bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pleural rub?

A

PE, pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pleural click?

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dx asthma?

A

Diurnal variation of PEF, FEV1/FVC <75%, reversibility to salbutamol, provocation testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ax interstitial lung disease? (9)

A

Fluid in alveolar spaces, consolidation, granulomatous alveolitis, drug-induced, toxic gas, fibrosis, autoimmune, pneumoconiosis, eosinophillic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

s/s ILD?

A

breathless on exertion, cough (no wheeze), clubbing, crackles, cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dx ILD?

A

FEV/FVC >75%, normal peak flow, DLCO reduced, reduced SaO2, bilateral infiltrates on CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dx sarcoid?

A

Raised serum ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dx pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Ground-glass on CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tx ILD?

A
  • 1st line = prednisolone

* 2nd line = azathioprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tx IPF?

A

Pirfenidone, nintendanib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Asthma Tx pyramid?
* SABA * + ICS * + LABA * + LTRA/LAMA/theophylline/anti-IgE/anti-IL5 * + oral steroid
26
Comp of corticosteroids?
Can cause pneumonia in COPD
27
Acute asthma Tx?
OSHITMAN | * Oxygen, salbutamol, hydrocortisone, ipratropium, theophylline, magnesiu sulphate, aminophylline
28
COPD Tx pyramid?
A - SAMA/SABA B - LABA/LAMA C - ICS/LABA/LAMA D - ICS/LABA/LAMA
29
Acute COPD Tx?
ISOAP | * Ipratropium, salbutamol, oxygen, amoxicillin, prednisolone
30
COPD divided into?
Emphysema and bronchitis
31
s/s lung cancer? (9)
* Cough >3 weeks, breathless, recurrent chest infection, haemoptysis, weight loss, chest/shoulder pain, fatigue, hoarseness, stridor
32
Lung cancer metastasis to pericardium?
Breathlessness, AF, pericardial effusion
33
Lung cancer metastasis to oesophagus?
Dysphagia
34
Lung cancer metastasis to SVC?
Puffy eyelids, headache, collaterals to IVC
35
Paraneoplastic effects lung cancer? (7)
Finger clubbing, HPOA, weight loss, thrombophlebitis, hypercalcaemia, hyponatraemia (SIADH), weakness (Eaton Lambert syndrome)
36
Hypercalcaemia s/s?
stones, bones, groans, thrones (polyuria), psychiatric overtones
37
Hypercalcaemia associated with? | SIADH?
* hypercal = SQUAMOUS cell | * SIADH = SMALL cell
38
Hyponatraemia s/s?
nausea/vom, myoclonus, lehargy, confusion, seizures, coma
39
Ix lung cancer?
FBC, Na, Ca, spirometry, CXR, CT, PET, bronchoscopy, EBUS
40
Feature of squamous? Adenocarcinoma?
* Squamous = keratinizing | * Adeno = gland forming
41
Worst prognosis lung cancer?
Small cell
42
Tx lung cancer?
Small cell = chemo | Squamous + adeno = surgery or radiotherapy
43
Staging for lung cancer surgery?
Bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, CT brain + thorax, PET scan
44
Surgery for lung cancer?
Pneumonectomy/lobotomy via thoracotomy/minimal access VATS
45
SABR?
Much higher dose to tumour delivered through hundreds of small beams
46
Co-morbitities for lung cancer?
COPD, ischaemic heart disease
47
URT infections? (4)
Coryza, pharyngitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis
48
LRT infections? (4)
acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza
49
Coryza can cause?
Sinusitis + acute bronchitis
50
Ax coryza?
Rhinovirus, adenovirus, RSV
51
s/s acute bronchitis?
Productive cough, fever, normal CXR, normal chest exam
52
s/s pneumonia? (8)
malaise, anorexia, sweats rigors, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, cough, headache o/e = herpes labialis tachyopnoea, crackles, pleural rub, cyanosis, hypotension
53
Ix pneumonia?
Blood culture, serology, urea, FBC, CXR
54
Pneumonia severity?
CURB65
55
Most common pathogen in pneumonia? (4)
* CAP = s.pneumoniae * COPD = H.influenzae * Bird exposure = chlamydia psitacci * Mycoplasmae = young people
56
Tx pneumonia?
* CAP - amoxicillin/doxycycline (severe = co-amoxiclav, doxycycline) * HAP - amoxicillin, metronidazole, gentamicin (step down to co-trimoxazole + metronidazole) * Aspiration pneumonia - amoxicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole * Legionella - macrolides, levafloxacin
57
Flu comps?
Secondary bacterial pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media
58
Bronchiolitis epidemiology?
1st or 2nd year of life
59
Ax bronchiolitis?
RSV
60
Tx bronchiolitis?
Supportive
61
Ax coxiella burnetti (Q fever)?
Zoonosis sheep + goats
62
Comp Q fever?
Endocarditis
63
s/s TB?
Weight loss, malaise, night sweats, cough, haemoptysis, SOB, UPPER zone crackles
64
Cold monoarthritis of large joints?
TB or sarcoid NEVER inject steroids!!
65
Dx TB?
ZN stain, PCR, CXR (upper zone, cavities, scarring, heals with CALCIFICATION)
66
Histology TB?
Caseating necrosis, granulomas
67
Tx TB?
2RIPE 4RI * 2 moths rifampacin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol * 4 months rifampacin, isoniazid
68
Tx latent TB?
6 months isoniazid/3 months rifampacin + isoniazid
69
All TB cases offered?
``` HIV test (all HIV cases offered CXR) ```
70
Most common bacteria in COPD exacerbation?
Haemophilus influenzae
71
Ax whooping cough (pertussis)?
Bordatella pertussis
72
Tx whooping cough?
antibiotics if <21 day cough (after 21 days no point)
73
Legionella dx?
PCR, legionella urinary antigen (serogroup 1 only)
74
Ax legionella?
NO PERSON-PERSON SPREAD | * AC, hot tubs, plumbing
75
Tx mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Macrolide + tetracycline
76
s/s walking pneumonia (mycoplasma)?
Dry cough, malaise, myalgia, target lesion (erythema multiforme)
77
Bronchiectasis?
Abnormal fixed dilation of bronchi
78
CXR TB?
Ghon focus at periphery, large hilar nodes
79
TB hypersensitivity?
Type IV
80
Stridor?
Inspiratory wheeze
81
Tracheomalacia?
Inflammatory condition causing collapse of trachea
82
Cafe coronary syndrome?
Foreign body inhalation
83
Sleep apnoea assessment?
Epworth sleepiness scale
84
Ax sleep apnoea?
Obesity, enlarged tonsils, retrognathia, acromegaly, drugs (benzo, opiates)
85
Tx obstructive sleep apnoea?
CPAP
86
Kartagener syndrome?
Ciliary dysfunction
87
Youngs syndrome?
Recurrent sinobronchial infections
88
S/s intrapulmonary abscess? (3)
Weight loss, lethargy, cough
89
Cavitating pneumonia?
Staph (common after flu)
90
Septic emboli Ax?
Right sided endocarditis, infected DVT, PWID
91
Empyema Ax? Dx?
Mostly pneumonia | dx: CXR (D sign), USS, CT
92
Tx empyema?
Drainage, amoxicillin, metronidazole
93
s/s bronchiectasis?
recurrent chest infections, sputum
94
dx bronchiectasis?
HRCT (signet rings)
95
Chronic bronchial sepsis?
All hallmarks of bronchiectasis except no bronchiectasis on HRCT!!!
96
Bronchiectasis tx?
Smoking cessation, flue vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, antibiotics (Severe = nebulised gentamicin, IV antibiotics)
97
Comps CF?
Bronchiectasis, biliary obstruction, infertility, psychological issues
98
Tx cystic fibrosis?
antibiotics, CREON, insuli, laxido (DIOS), fluids, TIPSS (portal hypertension)
99
Specific tx CF?
``` G551D = ivacaftor F508del = lumacaftor ```
100
Hypersensitivty pneumonitis?
EAA | * Farmer's, bird breeder's, cheese worker's
101
Dx EAA?
CXR (honey-combing and air-trapping)
102
Pneumoconiosis?
Asbestosis, silicosis, coal worker's lung
103
Exudative pleural effusion?
Malignant cancer (meso), PE, rheumatoid, TB, pneumoni, connective tissue disease
104
Transudative pleural effusion?
Caused by 'failures' = cardiac, renal, liver, endocrine, nutritional, atelectasis
105
PE causes?
DVT, air embolism, fat embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, foreign material
106
s/s PE?
Dyspnoea, tachycardia, tachyopnoea, pleuritic pain, cyanosis, haemoptysis
107
Dx PE?
CTPA!!! (low d-dimer = exclude PE)
108
Tx PE?
Acute = O2, IV fluids, thrombolysis, LMWH | Long term = anticoagulation, IVC filter
109
Silicosis CXR?
Eggshell calcification in hilar region ("snow storm" appearance)

1st Year Medicine (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions