Resp - ABG's Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis

Question 1

Type 1 Resp Failure PaO2 and PaCO2 values, and what are some causes?

Answer 1

PaO2 - Low

PaCO2 - Low or normal

Causes - fast/shallow breathing, caused by anything that damages heart or lungs causing SoB

Question 2

Type 2 Resp Failure PaO2 and PaCO2 values, and what are some causes?

Answer 2

PaO2 - Low

PaCO2 - High

Causes - COPD, less commonly neuromuscular failure or restrictive chest wall abnormalities

Question 3

What do you look at to determine if something is a respiratory or metabolic cause?

Answer 3

Look at PaCO2 and HCO3

If only PaCO2 is abnormal this indicates a respiratory cause

If only HCO3 is abnormal, indicates a metabolic cause

Question 4

What does it mean if PaCO2 and HCO3 are both increased or both decreased?

Answer 4

If both are increased or decreased, indicates compensation

If the pH is also normal, then it is fully compensated or compensation

If the pH is still abnormal with both values either increased or decreased, indicates partial compensation

Question 5

What does it mean if both PaCO2 and HCO3 are abnormal, one being increased, the other being decreased?

Answer 5

It means there is mixed, or coexistent metabolic and respiratory disease

Question 6

Causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 6

Rapid breathing, whether due to disease or anxiety

Question 7

Causes of Respiratory acidosis?

Answer 7

Same as causes for T2RF

COPD

Neuromuscular failure

Restrictive chest wall abnormalities

Question 8

Causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 8

Vomiting

Diuretics

Conn’s syndrome

Question 9

Causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 9

Lactic acidosis

DKA

Renal failure

Renal failure

Methanol/ethylene glycol intoxication