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Respiratory > Resp exam findings > Flashcards

Resp exam findings Flashcards

1
Q

Which signassesses finger clubbing?

A

Schamroth’s window

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2
Q

What can cause a fine tremor?

A

Beta-2-agonist use

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3
Q

What is asterixis?

A

flapping tremor

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4
Q

What ca cause asterixis?

A

CO2 retention (eg. from conditions that cause type 2 resp failure like COPD)

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5
Q

What is raised JVP evidence of?

A

venous hypertension
(can be due to pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis )

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6
Q

What is conjunctival pallor suggestive of?

A

anaemia

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7
Q

Name 3 eye signs of Horner’s syndrome and what causes it

A

miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos
sympathetic trunk damaged (eg. by lung cancer at apex of lung)

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8
Q

What is oral candidiasis associated with?

A

steroid inhaler use (local immunosuppression)

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9
Q

Describe oral candidiasis

A

white slough, easily wiped away to reveal erythematous mucosa

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10
Q

Median sternotomy scar procedures

A

cardiac valve replacement
coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG)

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11
Q

Axillary thoracotomy scar procedures

A

insertion of chest drains

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12
Q

Posterolateral thoracotomy scar procedures

A

lobectomy
pneumonectomy
oesophageal surgery

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13
Q

Infraclavicular scar procedures

A

pacemaker insertion

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14
Q

Name some radiotherapy-associated skin changes

A

xerosis(dry skin)
telangiectasia
scale
hyperkeratosis
depigmentation

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15
Q

What is chest wall asymmetry associated with?

A

pneumonectomy
thoracoplasty (eg. TB)

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16
Q

What is pectus excavatum?

A

caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest

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17
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

protrusion of the sternum/ribs

18
Q

Describe hyperexpansion of the chest (‘barrel chest’)

A

chest wall appears wider and taller than normal

19
Q

What is ‘barrel chest’ associated with?

A

chronic lung diseases eg. asthma, COPD

20
Q

What does the trachea deviate away from?

A

tension pneumothorax
large pleural effusions

21
Q

What does the trachea deviate towards?

A

lobar collapse
pneumonectomy

22
Q

What causes a reduced cricosternal distance?

A

underlying lung hyperinflation (eg. asthma, COPD)

23
Q

What can cause a displaced apex beat?

A

right ventricular hypertrophy (eg. pulmonary hypertension, COPD, ILD)
large pleural effusion
tension pneumothorax

24
Q

What can cause symmetrical reduced chest expansion?

A

pulmonary fibrosis (due to reduced lung elasticity)

25
Q

What can cause asymmetrical reduced chest expansion?

A

pneumothorax
pneumonia
pleural effusion

26
Q

What can cause resonant percussion of chest?

A

normal finding

27
Q

What can cause dullness on percussion of the chest?

A

increased tissue density (eg. cardiac dullness, consolidation, tumour, lobar collapse)

28
Q

What can cause stony dullness on percussion of the chest?

A

pleural effusion

29
Q

What can cause hyper-resonance on percussion of the chest?

A

decreased tissue density (eg. pneumothorax)

30
Q

What can cause increased vibrations during tactile vocal fremitus?

A

increased tissue density (eg. consolidation, tumour, lobar collapse)

31
Q

What can cause decreased vibrations during tactile vocal fremitus?

A

presence of fluid/air outside of the lung (eg. pleural effusion, pneumothorax)

32
Q

What do vesicular breath sounds indicate?

A

healthy lung

33
Q

Describe bronchial breath sounds
What do they indicate?

A

harsh-sounding, inspiration and expiration equal with a pause in between
associated with consolidation

34
Q

What do quiet breath sounds indicate?

A

reduced air entry into that region (eg. pneumothorax, pleural effusion)

35
Q

What is a wheeze? Which conditions can it be heard in?

A

continuous, coarse, whistling sound
asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis

36
Q

What is stridor? Which conditions can it be heard in?

A

high-pitched extra-thoracic breath sound from turbulent airflow through narrowed upper airways
foreign body inhalation, subglottic stenosis

37
Q

What do coarse crackles sound like? Which conditions are they heard in?

A

brief, popping lung sounds
pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary oedema

38
Q

What do fine end-inspiratory crackles sound like? Which conditions are they heard in?

A

separating velcro sound
pulmonary fibrosis

39
Q

What is pitting sacral and pedal oedema suggestive of?

A

congestive heart failure

40
Q

What signs can be seen on calves that are suggestive of a DVT?

A

swelling
increased temperature
erythema
visible superficial veins

41
Q

What is erythema nododum associated with?

A

sarcoidosis

42
Q

What further investigations/assessments might you offer to do/order after a respiratory examination?

A

Check oxygen saturation and apply supplemental oxygen if indicated
Check other vital signs (temperature, BP)
Take a sputum sample
Perform peak flow assessment
Request a CXR
Take an ABG
Perform full cardiovascular exam (eg. if suspecting cor pulmonale)

Respiratory (32 decks)

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