resp pharmocology

Question 1

where are cell bodies of the preganglionic fibres located

Answer 1

brainstem

Question 2

where are cell bodies of postganglionic fibres located

Answer 2

embedded in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles

Question 3

stimulation of postganglionic cholinergic fibres causes

Answer 3

bronchial smooth muscle contraction

increased mucous secretion

Question 4

stimulation of postganglionic non cholinergic fibres causes

Answer 4

bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Question 5

contraction of smooth muscle is the result of what

Answer 5

phosphorylation of myosin

Question 6

relaxation of smooth muscle results from what

Answer 6

dephosphorylation of myosin by myosin phosphatase

Question 7

In the presence of intracellular calcium ions, the rate of phosphorylation ___ the rate of dephosphorylation

Answer 7

exceeds

Question 8

signs of asthma

Answer 8

hyperplasia + hypertrophy
accumulation of interstitial fluid (oedema)
increased secretion of mucous
epithelial damage exposing sensory nerve endings
sub - epithelial fibrosis

Question 9

response in mild-moderate asthma

Answer 9

TH2

Question 10

response in severe asthma

Answer 10

TH1

Question 11

what do cross links IgE receptors stimulate

Answer 11

calcium entry into mast cells

release of calcium ions from intracellular stores

Question 12

what does the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores evoke

Answer 12

release of secretary granules containing preformed histamine + the production and release of leukotrienes that cause smooth airway contraction

Question 13

what do relievers act as

Answer 13

bronchodilators

Question 14

what do controllers/preventers act as

Answer 14

anti-inflammatory agents

Question 15

should long acting B adrenoceptor agonists be used alone

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

LABA’s must always be co-administered by

Answer 16

glucocordicoid

Question 17

what is used as an anti inflammatory agent

Answer 17

corticosteroids

Question 18

what does COPD stand for

Answer 18

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 19

ganglia - M1

Answer 19

facilitate fast neurotransmission mediated by ACh acting on nicotinic receptors

Question 20

post ganglionic neurone terminals - M2

Answer 20

act as inhibitory autoreceptors reducing release of ACh

Question 21

ASM - M3

Answer 21

mediate contraction to ACh

Question 22

what type of drugs are used in the treatment of COPD

Answer 22

muscarinic receptor antagonists

Question 23

example of short acting muscarinic receptor antagonist

Answer 23

ipratropium

Question 24

examples of long acting muscarinic receptor antagonists

Answer 24

___ium

Question 25

do muscarinic receptor antagonists have a rapid or delayed rate of bronchodilation

Answer 25

delayed

Question 26

muscarinic receptor antagonists

Answer 26

decrease mucous production | effect is mainly palliative