Resp Physiology

Question 1

Eupnea

Answer 1

normal variation in breathing rate and depth.

Question 2

Apnea

Answer 2

refers to breath holding.

Question 3

Dyspnea

Answer 3

relates to painful or difficult breathing.

Question 4

Tachypnea

Answer 4

involves rapid breathing rate.

Question 5

Costal breathing

Answer 5

requires combinations of various patterns of intercostal and extra-costal muscles, usually during need for increased ventilation, as with exercise.

Question 6

Diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 6

is the usual mode of operation to move air by contracting and relaxing the diaphragm to change the lung volume

Question 7

Modified respiratory movements

Answer 7

are used to express emotions and to clear air passageways.

Question 8

Coughing

Answer 8

deep inspiration, closure of rima glottidis & strong expiration blasts air out to clear respiratory passages

Question 9

Hiccuping

Answer 9

spasmodic contraction of diaphragm & quick closure of rima glottidis produce sharp inspiratory sound

Question 10

In clinical practice, respiration (ventilation) =

Answer 10

1 inspiration + 1 expiration

Question 11

in a Healthy adult- 12 respirations/ min=

Answer 11

6 litres in and out of lungs while at rest

Question 12

Air volumes exchanged during breathing and rate of ventilation are measured with

Answer 12

a spirometer, or respirometer, and the record is called a

spirogram

Question 13

Anatomical dead space or respiratory dead space is

Answer 13

the conducting airways with air that do not undergo respiratory exchange

Question 14

tidal (500 ml), VT):

Answer 14

volume of one breath; varies from adult to adult
in avg. adult, only about 350 ml( 70%) of the tidal volume actually reaches the alveoli, the other 150 ml (30%) remains in the airways as anatomic dead space.

Question 15

Reserve volumes =

Answer 15

amount you can breathe either in or out above that

amount of tidal volume

Question 16

inspiratory reserve (3100 ml):

Answer 16

amount of air taken in during a deep breath, above tidal volume

Question 17

expiratory reserve (1200 ml):

Answer 17

amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal inhale

Question 18

residual (1200 ml) volume:

Answer 18

air permanently trapped air in system/cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 19

minimal volume:

Answer 19

amount of air that remains in lungs after some of
residual volume is forced out when thoracic cavity is opened
note: can be used to determine if babies are born dead or dies after child birth

Question 20

alveolar ventilation rate AVR (4200ml/min):

Answer 20

volume of air/min that reaches the alveoli

Question 21

FEV1:

Answer 21

amount of air forcibly expired in 1 sec with maximal effort
following maximal inhalation;
asthma and emphysema can reduce FEV1

Question 22

minute volume of respiration(MVR)= 6000mL/min: :

Answer 22

is the total volume of air taken in during one minute (tidal volume x 12 respirations per minute = 6000 ml/min)

Question 23

Which of the Pulmonary Air volumes cannot be measured by a spirometer?

Answer 23

residual

Question 24

How does height, gender and age of a person affect lung volumes?

Answer 24

Larger volume- taller, younger and male

Smaller- female, shorter, elderly

Question 25

What respiratory system structures are in the anatomical dead space?

Answer 25

Nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 26

Pulmonary Lung Capacities =

Answer 26

the sum of two or more volumes

Question 27

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume; | total inspiratory volume of lungs

Answer 27

inspiratory capacity(3600 ml):

Question 28

residual volume +expiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

functional residual capacity(2400 ml):

Question 29

inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + | expiratory reserve volume

Answer 29

vital capacity(4800 ml):

Question 30

sum of all volumes

Answer 30

total lung capacity (6000 ml) capacities:

Question 31

Pulmonary Function Tests:

Answer 31

* Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that a person can move in a single breath * The most useful assessment of VC is to expire forcefully and quickly (Forced VC, FVC) * During FVC maneuver, the volume of air exhaled in the first second is called FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in sec 1)

Question 32

Obstructive Pattern:

Answer 32

a disease that is characterized by increase in airway resistance that is measured as a decrease in expiratory flow rates, eg: chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Question 33

Restrictive Pattern :

Answer 33

a disease that is characterized by increase in elastic recoil, a decrease in lung compliance which is measured as a decrease in all lung volumes

Question 34

Dalton’s law:

Answer 34

each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present. • Total pressure is sum of all partial pressure

Question 35

Atmospheric air =

Answer 35

78. 6%N2 + 20.9% O2 + 0.93% Ar + | 0. 04%CO2

Question 36

Atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg) =

Answer 36

pN2+ pO2 + pCO2 +pN2 + pH2O | – to determine partial pressure of O2-- multiply 760 by % of air that is O2 (21%) = 160 mm Hg

Question 37

Inhaled air has more______ than Alveolar air (13.6%)

Answer 37

O2(20.9%)

Question 38

As H20 content increases(inhaled air) …relative % of O2 ________

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

Exhaled air has more______ than alveolar air(13%)

Answer 39

O2(16%) - exhaled air is a mixture of alveolar air and air that remained in dead space (no gas exchange there)

Question 40

Henry’s law states that

Answer 40

``` the quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient (its physical or chemical attraction for water), when the temperature remains constant. ```

Question 41

CO2 is _____ more soluble than O2

Answer 41

24X | = more CO2 is dissolved in blood plasma